Empirical model of cosmic ray spectrum in energy interval 1 MeV–100 GeV during 11-year solar cycle

The galactic cosmic rays (GCR) are the main ionization source at altitude of ∼3–35 km in the atmosphere. For high latitude anomalous cosmic ray (ACR) component has also a significant influence on the atmospheric ionization. We propose an empirical model for differential spectra D(E) of galactic and anomalous cosmic rays in energy interval 1 MeV–100 GeV during solar cycle. In the model data are used which cover three solar cycles: 20, 22 and 23. The LEAP87, IMAX92, CAPRICE94, AMS98 and BESS experimental spectra for protons and alpha particles are fitted to the proposed empirical model. The modulated GCR differential spectra are compared with force-field approximation to the one-dimensional transport equation and with solutions of two-dimensional cosmic ray transport equation. For experimental spectra, the calculation of the model parameters is performed by Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm, applied to the special case of least squares. Algorithm that combines the rapid local convergence of Newton–Raphson method with globally convergent method for non-linear systems of equations is applied for theoretically obtained differential spectra. The described programmes are realized in algorithmic language C++. The proposed model gives practical possibility for investigation of experimental data from measurements of galactic cosmic rays and their anomalous component.     

TC11饼材模内成型工艺优化

通过对TC11钛合金饼材制坯工艺的研究,总结出热加工与探伤水平、力学性能、组织的关系,使其各项指标达到良好匹配.     

结构响应主动控制系统设计与试验验证

振动控制是直升机设计的关键技术之一。本文首先介绍了如何进行结构响应主动控制(ACSR)系统的设计,然后详细说明了为此开发的ACSR系统的框架和软硬件基本组成,最后通过ACSR系统装直11进行地面试验和飞行试验,验证了该系统的可行性和抑制振动的有效性。     

一起新材料应用引起的航空机轮故障分析

TC11钛合金在首次应用于某型飞机机轮刹车壳体时,由于对TC11的特性掌握不透,设计考虑不周,造成了使用过程中刹车壳体卡台断裂的故障。通过分析故障原因,制订了改进措施,经试验试飞验证,改进措施有效,为TC11在航空机轮上的推广应用积累了经验。     

TC11合金热变形特性及变形参数对组织的影响

通过热模拟压缩试验,分析了TC11合金的高温变形特性及不同变形参数下的组织演化规律,用非线性回归方法建立了TC11合金Kumar型材料的本构关系,得出了TC11合金的高温流变曲线基本呈流变软化特征的结论;最后应用MSC,Autoforge软件对TC11合金某型号涡轮盘的等温锻造工艺进行了模拟式工艺设计,验证了TC11合金材料本构关系的工程适用性.     

Specific features of the high-speed plasma stream cycles

The high-speed plasma streams in the solar wind are investigated during the solar cycles nos. 20–22 (1964–1996), separately on the two types of streams according to their solar origin: the HSPS produced by coronal holes (co-rotating) and the flare-generated, in keeping with the classification made in different catalogues. The analysis is performed taking into account the following high-speed stream parameters: the durations (in days), the maximum velocities, the velocity gradients and, the importance of the streams. The time variation of these parameters and the high-speed plasma streams occurrence rate show an 11-year periodicity with some differences between the solar cycles considered. A detailed analysis of the high-speed stream 11-year cycles is made by comparison with the “standard” cycles of the sunspot relative number (Wolf number). The different behaviour of the high-speed stream parameters between even and odd solar cycles could be due to the 22-year solar magnetic cycle. The increased activity of the high-speed plasma streams on the descendant phases of the cycles, regardless of their solar sources, proves the existence of some special local conditions of the solar plasma and the magnetic field on a large scale that allow the ejection of the high energy plasma streams. This fact has led us to the analysis the stream parameters during the different phases of the solar cycles (minimum, ascendant, maximum and, descendant) as well as during the polar magnetic field reversal intervals. The differences between the phases considered are pointed out. The solar cycles 20 and 22 reveal very similar dynamics of the flare-generated and also co-rotating stream parameters during the maximum, descendant and reversal intervals. This fact could be due to their position in a Hale Cycle (the first component of the 22-year solar magnetic cycle). The 21st solar cycle dominance of all co-rotating stream parameters against the 20th and 22nd solar cycle ones, during almost all phases, could be due to the same structure of a Hale Cycle – solar cycle 21 is the second component in a 22-year SC. During the reversal intervals, all high-speed stream parameters have comparable values with the ones of the maximum phases of the cycles even if this interval contains a small part of the descendant branch (solar cycles 20 and 22).     

USB测距系统差超差分析

针对测控雷达外测精度评估和任务中测距数据系统差超差的问题,进行多项试验和测试,并从机理上进行分析,找出了问题原因,并提出了有效的解决办法。     

铰链接头齿轮断裂失效分析

某天线系统同步铰链接头在进行展开试验时发生接头齿轮断裂。试验结果表明,其原材料的金相组织、化学成分和力学性能均满足标准要求,通过扫描电镜对断齿断口进行微观形貌观察发现,其中一断齿的裂纹源区有明显的疲劳条带,其他断齿均为塑性过载断裂形貌,结合天线系统试验过程,判断其失效机理为个别轮齿疲劳开裂引起其他齿塑性过载断裂,最终导致整体铰链接头的失效。     

TC11钛合金热变形性能的试验研究

研究了TC11钛合金在温度600~800℃、应变速率0.001s-1~1s-1条件下的高温压缩变形行为,分析了变形温度、应变速率对热变形过程中变形抗力和显微组织的影响,探讨了TC11钛合金热旋压变形的可行性,为钛合金热旋工艺制定提供理论和试验依据。     

基于Traits泛化技术的SLE API编译码处理

在对CCSDS(Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems,空间数据咨询委员会)制定的SLE(Space Link Extension,空间链路扩展)的标准API(Application Program Interface,应用程序接口)设计开发过程中,需要对各种不同服务类型的操作进行ASN.1(Abstract Syntax Notation One,抽象语法标记1)编码译码,使用一般方法处理会存在大量的冗余且可扩展性不强。因此,设计了基于Traits技术的SLE API编码译码泛化模型,该模型从服务、协议数据单元、操作等3个层级,以及编码、译码这2个方向分别定义模板,并进行特化、偏特化以及萃取,从而实现了对编码、译码过程的泛化,并通过实例描述了应用过程。该模型有效提高了SLE API设计的灵活性、层次性、通用性,以及SLE服务的可拓展性。