Nb-10Si合金室温断裂韧性研究

利用真空电弧熔炼制备了处于亚共晶区的Nb-10Si-xMo(x=5,15)复合材料,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析了在1200℃退火100h后复合材料的微观组织形貌、相组成和断口形貌,并测定了Nb-10Si-Mo复合材料的显微硬度。用单边切口悬臂梁法(SENB)研究了加入合金元素后复合材料室温韧性的变化。深入分析了合金元素对材料韧性相变形行为和复合材料室温断裂韧性的影响。     

数控系统中空间任意平面圆弧插补算法

以往的数控系统只能插补平行坐标平面的圆弧,本文根据坐标系旋转的原理,提出了一种可以插补任意平面圆弧曲线、且可以满足控制实时性要求的插补算法,以简化编程,提高加工精度。     

基于可见光与红外卫星图像融合的舰船目标检测

为解决现有基于可见光卫星图像的舰船目标检测算法在云雾遮挡、海岸干扰等复杂场景下的错检和漏检问题,本文在YOLOv5网络基础上,通过空间特征与谱段特征的联合提取提高网络性能,提出了基于可见光与红外卫星图像融合的舰船目标检测算法VI-YOLOv5。实验结果表明:双模态融合目标检测算法性能优于单模态目标检测算法,在交并比阈值为0.5的情况下,可见光+红外融合网络的平均精度达0.976,相较于单可见光网络提高了2.5%,相较于单红外网络提高了8.9%,有效缓解了复杂场景下出现的错检和漏检问题,验证了可见光与红外卫星图像融合在舰船目标检测任务中的有效性。     

嫦娥五号月球轨道交会对接远程导引轨道设计与飞行实践

结合月球轨道交会对接任务的特殊性和中国探月工程的实际工程约束,介绍了嫦娥五号任务月球轨道交会对接远程导引轨道设计,包括轨道器调相和上升器远程导引两方面内容,重点介绍了月球轨道交会对接远程导引多脉冲调相轨道方案的选择、标称轨道优化设计、轨控策略和误差分析结果以及实际飞行轨道控制的情况。飞行实践数据分析表明：嫦娥五号任务月球轨道交会对接远程导引轨道设计是正确合理的,实际飞行的速度增量满足推进剂预算的要求,全飞行过程测控条件良好,交班点控制精度完全满足转自主控制的要求,有力保障了交会对接和样品转移的顺利完成。     

民用飞机机载设备的环境鉴定试验研究

民用飞机机载设备的环境鉴定试验是表明设备符合适用的环境标准,进而满足其适用的技术标准规定（TSO）的重要工作内容,对机载设备的适航审定具有重要意义。目前,国内民用飞机机载设备的环境鉴定试验工作还在持续完善阶段。本文以某机载设备的环境鉴定试验为例,介绍了一套机载设备环境鉴定试验的工作流程,包括环境鉴定试验计划制定、环境试验规程开发、环境试验执行3个阶段,并结合设备适用的最低操作性能标准（MOPS）和DO-160标准（机载设备环境条件和试验程序）,详细描述了各阶段的工作内容和重点,以及适航联络的规划和工作建议。该设备已成功取得TSO证,表明该流程能够有效应用于机载设备的环境鉴定试验工作开展并支持设备适航审定,可为后续机载设备的环境鉴定试验工作提供参考。     

未来移动通信网络中移动边缘计算技术

未来移动通信网络将面临移动数据业务和流量急剧增加,需要低时延和低能耗的高效技术。移动边缘计算(Mobile edge computing,MEC)在网络边缘侧进行计算卸载和资源存储,能极大地降低处理时延和能耗,提高用户服务体验。本文首先概述了MEC的基本原理和技术特点;然后通过具体的MEC的应用场景,进一步总结了MEC技术的优势;最后在现有工作的基础上,给出了MEC可能面临的挑战,并对未来的发展方向进行了论述与展望。MEC将会进一步推动计算和通信的融合,助力5G进入新场景多需求下的多技术融合新阶段。     

Ariane 5 GTO debris mitigation using natural perturbations

GTO objects can potentially collide with operative satellites in LEO and GEO protected regions. Internationally accepted debris mitigation guidelines require that these objects exit these protected regions within 25?years, e.g. by re-entering and burning up in Earth’s atmosphere. In this paper, an inventory of the GTO debris generated from Ariane 5 launches in the period 2012–2017 is provided, and it is expected that none of these objects will re-enter within 25?years. For future launches, natural perturbations can be exploited to increase compliance with mitigation guidelines without the use of extra propellant or complex de-orbiting systems, which is attractive from an economic point of view. The lifetime of GTO objects is very sensitive to initial conditions and some environmental and body-related parameters, mainly due to the effect of solar gravity on the perigee altitude. As a consequence, the lifetime of a specific GTO object cannot be predicted accurately, but its probability of re-entering in less than 25?years can be estimated with proper accuracy by following a statistical approach. By propagating the orbits of over 800,000 simulated Ariane 5 GTO objects, it was found that the launch time leading to the highest probability of compliance with debris mitigation guidelines for GEO launches from Kourou corresponds to about 2 PM local time, regardless of the date of launch, which leads to compliance rates ranging from 60 to 100%. Current practice is to launch at around 5–9?PM, so a change in procedures would be required in order to reach a higher degree of compliance with debris mitigation guidelines, which was predicted to be on average below 20% for the objects generated in the period 2012–2017.     

Mesosphere/lower thermosphere wind regime parameters using a newly installed SKiYMET meteor radar at Kazan (56°N, 49°E)

New meteor radar (MR) horizontal wind data obtained during 2015–2018 at Kazan (56°N, 49°E) are presented. The measurements were carried out with a state-of-the-art SKiYMET meteor radar. Monthly mean vertical profiles of zonal and meridional components of the prevailing wind speeds, also amplitudes and phases of the components of diurnal (DT) and semidiurnal tide (SDT) winds are displayed as contour plots for a mean calendar year over the four recent years and compared with distributions of these parameters provided by the previous multiyear (1986–2002) meteor radar (MR) measurements at Kazan and by the recent HWM07 empirical model. The analysis shows that the SKiYMET zonal and meridional prevailing wind speeds are generally in good agreement, sharing the same seasonal features, with the earlier MR seasonal winds. Comparisons with the HWM07 model are not favourable: eastward solstitial cells as modelled are significantly larger, >30?m/s compared to 15–20?m/s. Also, reversal lines are too variable with height, and the positions of modelled cells (positive and negative) are unlike those of either MRs at Kazan or other MLT radars. Both MR systems provide the large SDT amplitudes, approximately 30?m/s and vertical wavelengths, approximately 55?km, for both components at middle latitudes in winter. They also show the well known strong SDT September feature (heights 85–100?km, the vertical wavelength ～55–60?km), and the weak summer SDT for 80–91?km. HWM07 shows unrealistic amplitudes and phases above 90?km by height and month: minimal amplitudes in equinoxes and no September feature.The weak DT of middle to high latitudes provide similar amplitude and phase structures from both MRs, 1986–2002 and 2015–2017: largest amplitudes (10–12 or 8–10?m/s) for the evanescent meridional tide in summer, peaking in late July; weakest (0–2, 2–4?m/s) at 80 to 92–96?km, when the tide is vertically propagating (January, February, November, December) with a vertical wavelength near 40?km. Again, HWM07 differs in amplitude and phase structures: showing peak amplitudes in equinoxes: April, 15?m/s at 88?km; October, 21?m/s at 89?km.Coupling of the MR wind parameters with the ERA5 wind parameters is studied for a case in 2016. It is shown that the prevailing winds and DT amplitudes and phases of both datasets can be simply linked together, but that the ERA5 SDT amplitudes are significantly underestimated at the top model levels of the ERA5 reanalysis project.     

基于HIFIRE-5外形的高超声速飞行器

采用数值仿真方法，开展了高超声速飞行器（HIFIRE-5）的流场特性计算研究，精确捕捉高超声速流场中的波系、背流面横向流动及表面流动现象，并对激波及横向流动其机理进行了详细分析。结果表明，所用数值计算方法有效，横向流动和横流失稳是产生流场三维涡系结构的主要原因，该认识可为类似外形高超声速飞行器的气动外形设计、优化及气动特性分析提供参考。