垭口地貌要素对风速分布规律影响的风洞试验研究

输电线路微地形气象灾害的调查研究显示,垭口地貌影响下的输电线路风偏闪络事故多发。鉴于垭口地貌不同位置处的风剖面分布规律尚不明确,借助风洞试验,研究了垭口地貌的山丘坡度、谷口宽度等地貌要素对山谷及山脊中轴线上风速分布规律的影响。风洞试验结果表明：与平地风速相比,山谷中轴线及山丘峰顶处风速的最大加速幅度分别达到了33％和53％,明显大于规范规定的10％,容易造成垭口区域内输电线路风偏闪络或倒塔;山谷中轴线风速修正系数随两侧山丘坡度增加而增加,随谷口宽度增加而减小,提出了符合这一规律的计算公式;山谷中轴线上,下风侧风速加速效应略强于上风侧;垭口两侧山丘山顶处风速未受垭口地貌影响,风洞试验测得风速修正系数与单体山丘拟合公式的计算结果基本一致;设计时可统一偏于保守地取用山丘顶部的风速修正系数对平地风速予以修正。     

吊挂系统对波瓣混合排气系统气动热力性能影响

为了明确短舱中吊挂系统的堵塞效应对波瓣混合排气系统气动热力性能的影响,采用数值模拟的方法对包含吊挂的混合排气系统进行了定量研究。研究结果表明,受吊挂系统的影响,在波瓣混合排气系统混合段内,存在着一大尺度的回流区,其作用范围随吊挂长度的增加而增加。在性能参数方面,与未考虑吊挂系统时相比,考虑吊挂之后,虽然混合排气系统出口处热混合效率以及推力系数下降很小,最大降幅仅分别为0.017和0.01,但总压恢复系数却显著下降,最大降幅达到了0.03。此外,随着吊挂系统长度的变化,排气系统出口处的热混合效率、总压恢复系数以及推力系数变化幅度小于0.01,变化很小。     

A discrete event systems approach to discriminating intermittent from permanent faults

Almost all work on model-based diagnosis （MBD） potentially presumes faults are per- sistent and does not take intermittent faults （IFs） into account. Therefore, it is common for diag- nosis systems to misjudge IFs as permanent faults （PFs）, which are the major cause of the problems of false alarms, cannot duplication and no fault found in aircraft avionics. To address this problem, a new fault model which includes PFs and IFs is presented based on discrete event systems （DESs）. Thereafter, an approach is given to discriminate between PFs and IFs by diagnosing the current fault. In this paper, the regulations of （PFs and IFs） fault evolution through fault and reset events along the traces of system are studied, and then label propagation function is modified to account for PFs and the dynamic behavior of IFs and diagnosability of PFs and IFs are defined. Finally, illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the proposed approach, and the analysis results show the fault types can be discriminated within bounded delay if the system is diagnosable.     

PIV技术在复杂二相流场中的应用

光学元器件随飞行器在大气中飞行时,其工作性能越来越多地受到大气悬浮汇聚微粒的影响。大气微粒在复杂流场中呈现何种运动汇聚效应,对于合理准确评估机载光学元器件的工作效能具有十分重要的工程意义,而复杂气动流场中微粒分布状态的预估一直是飞行器外界环境研究中的一个难点。气动问题的复杂性、大气中微粒的多样性一直是制约各种试验手段展开、数值模型建立的主要因素。利用先进的激光粒子图像技术,在风洞中对舵面旋涡主导的复杂流场中的微粒速度及分布特性进行了实验研究。在测量舵面翼梢脱落旋涡特性的基础上,通过激光片光扫描流场全域,同时高帧频CCD相机同步曝光,利用PIV 拍摄到的流场中涡流截面内微粒分布的瞬态图像。结合图像后处理技术,对原始粒子图像进行互相关、二值化处理,通过对图像区域内的灰度值计算,统计相对流场截面内的粒子浓度系数,得到在复杂旋涡结构流场内瞬态粒子的分布特性规律。研究结果表明,利用大气中微粒在激光片光下的米氏散射原理,可以有效地拍摄到复杂流场结构下粒子光学散射及分布的特性图像,解决了传统环境测试设备无法对复杂条件下流场内粒子分布进行实时测量的缺陷;在旋涡为主导的流场中,大气中的微粒由向心力牵引,在涡核周围达到平衡运动状态,微粒环绕涡核形成一条环状带,这一区域中的粒子浓度系数要远大于自由流场中的微粒,涡核中心粒子呈“空洞”状态。     

Adaptive Gaussian sum squared-root cubature Kalman filter with split-merge scheme for state estimation

The paper deals with state estimation problem of nonlinear non-Gaussian discrete dynamic systems for improvement of accuracy and consistency. An efficient new algorithm called the adaptive Gaussian-sum square-root cubature Kalman filter（AGSSCKF） with a split-merge scheme is proposed. It is developed based on the squared-root extension of newly introduced cubature Kalman filter（SCKF） and is built within a Gaussian-sum framework. Based on the condition that the probability density functions of process noises and initial state are denoted by a Gaussian sum using optimization method, a bank of SCKF are used as the sub-filters to estimate state of system with the corresponding weights respectively, which is adaptively updated. The new algorithm consists of an adaptive splitting and merging procedure according to a proposed split-decision model based on the nonlinearity degree of measurement. The results of two simulation scenarios（one-dimensional state estimation and bearings-only tracking） show that the proposed filter demonstrates comparable performance to the particle filter with significantly reduced computational cost.     

DOA estimation and mutual coupling calibration with the SAGE algorithm

In this paper, a novel algorithm is presented for direction of arrival（DOA） estimation and array self-calibration in the presence of unknown mutual coupling. In order to highlight the relationship between the array output and mutual coupling coefficients, we present a novel model of the array output with the unknown mutual coupling coefficients. Based on this model, we use the space alternating generalized expectation-maximization（SAGE） algorithm to jointly estimate the DOA parameters and the mutual coupling coefficients. Unlike many existing counterparts, our method requires neither calibration sources nor initial calibration information. At the same time,our proposed method inherits the characteristics of good convergence and high estimation precision of the SAGE algorithm. By numerical experiments we demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms the existing method for DOA estimation and mutual coupling calibration.     

不同热值生物燃料燃烧特性数值模拟

采用标准k-ε湍流模型、涡耗散湍流燃烧模型、P-1辐射传热模型对二维简化燃烧室燃料甲烷气、沼气、生物质气的燃烧特性进行了数值模拟.通过比较不同截面的燃烧情况,分析燃烧室内的温度分布、NOx质量分数分布、流场结构,研究了不同热值燃料的燃烧特性.结果表明:在入口空气、燃料质量流量相同的条件下,随着燃料热值降低,燃烧温度降低,温度分布更均匀,NOx排放量减少,流动速度降低;适当调节余气系数,能改善燃烧效果,温度分布仍满足高热值燃料燃烧温度高于低热值燃料燃烧温度的规律;在生物燃料混合气中掺入不同热值的可燃成分,可改变混合气的热值,恰当的混合比例能更好地发挥生物燃料的作用.     

旋转轴角度对受限层板换热能力的影响

应用数值模拟的方法对旋转状态下受限层板在不同旋转角度下换热能力进行数值仿真研究。通过改变旋转轴和层板之间的角度,得出了旋转轴角度对层板换热能力的影响规律。研究结果表明:旋转轴与层板所成角度不同时,对流换热系数呈现一定的相似性;旋转轴与层板所成角为90°和270°时对流换热系数最高,浮升力最小,旋转轴与层板所成角度为0°和180°时,对流换热系数最低,浮升力最大;最高对流换热系数和最低对流换热系数相差55%左右;平行于层板的哥氏力比垂直于层板的哥氏力对流体的影响强烈。     

大型运输机机体结构全尺寸疲劳试验分散系数探讨

从疲劳分散系数的含义入手,分析了国内、外军用标准和民用适航标准对于疲劳分散系数的要求,从中找出了影响战斗类飞机与运输类飞机疲劳分散系数的因素,给出了确定大型运输机全尺寸疲劳试验分散系数的原则。     

超临界翼型射流环量控制的数值计算

为提高飞行器的升力特性,改善起飞着陆和机动性能,研究了射流环量控制对超临界翼型气动特性的影响。基于计算流体力学,对影响计算效率和精度的网格参数进行了优化设计,得到一种高效高精度网格的剖分方法;并以此为基础,建立超临界翼型环量控制的计算模型,求解雷诺平均N-S方程,分析了环量控制在不同动量系数和迎角下的作用效果,数值计算结果与实验结果基本一致。结果表明:环量控制大大提高了翼型的气动特性,且在小迎角或负迎角就可以产生较大的升力,但是动量系数并不是越大越好。计算结果可为进一步研究环量控制对飞行器的影响奠定理论基础。