预混段结构对旋流预混氢火焰回火形式影响的数值研究

为了区分不同类型的回火形式,以便可以对不同类型的回火施加不同的控制方法,引入试验设计(DOE)方法和方差分析方法数值分析了预混段长度L和预混段出口处水力直径D对回火形式和回火极限的影响。主要得到如下结论:L和D对回火极限均有显著影响,通过减少混合物在预混段内的停留时间可以同时改善燃烧诱导涡破碎(CIVB)回火和边界层回火;L/D存在两个临界值,当L/D≤(L/D)cri1时发生边界层回火,当L/D(L/D)cri2时发生CIVB回火,当(L/D)cri1L/D≤(L/D)cri2时可能只发生CIVB回火或两种回火形式共存;L/D通过改变CIVB回火发生所需的临界切向涡量值而作用于CIVB回火,L/D值越大,诱发CIVB回火所需的临界切向涡量值越小,越容易发生CIVB回火。     

直升机机身、平尾、垂尾的气动干扰

运用面元法模拟直升机机身流场,计算前飞状态的ROBIN(rotor body interaction)模型孤立机身顶部中线的压力系数分布,并与参考数据、CFD计算结果对比,验证了本方法的准确性.采用离散涡系模拟平尾、垂尾和短翼等升力面,以带短翼的UH-60直升机为例,研究了升力面参数变化对机身、平尾、垂尾气动干扰的影响.结果表明:改变升力面的安装角显著改变了气流对其周围的绕流情况,在参数中影响最大;平尾参数尤其是安装角会对垂尾和短翼的压力系数产生较大影响;减小垂尾展长和增大短翼安装角会提升各自的压力系数.     

出口轮毂形状对大型轴流风机性能影响的数值研究

针对某大型轴流风机设计了4种出口段轮毂匹配方案,采用数值模拟方法对比分析了4种方案下的风机特性和叶尖以及叶根流场结构.结果表明:出口轮毂形状的变化对该风机叶尖流场结构影响很小;该风机出口无轮毂时,在叶根区域出现约占20%叶高区域的分离流,损失严重,降低了工作效率;在相同的叶尖间隙下,风机效率随着出口轮毂扩压角的减小而提高;在风机出口增加一个匹配的平直轮毂或收缩轮毂可使叶根分离涡后移,分离区域减小至5%叶高以下,同时可使该风机效率至少提高2个百分点.     

大涡模拟研究钝体有旋流流场的拟序结构

对带有中心钝体的分层旋流燃烧器的冷态流场进行了大涡模拟(LES),选取动态Smagorinsky涡黏模型作为亚格子模型,研究旋流数为0.45时旋流场的大尺度拟序结构。模拟结果表明:瞬时压强等值面显示的内外螺旋涡及进动涡核(PVC)均与平均速度场流线在空间上呈正交关系,表明两种涡结构均由剪切层Kelvin-Helmholtz不稳定性产生。Q准则等值面显示内外螺旋涡在下游20mm左右开始发生破碎。PVC发源于环形旋流与环形射流剪切层附近的下游区域。瞬时周向速度的功率谱密度(PSD)出现明显的特征峰,表明PVC影响附近的流体,使之出现进动特征。采用本征正交分解(POD)重构湍流脉动速度场,不同模态下功率谱密度结果表明前两个模态的大尺度结构具有进动特征,使用前两个模态的周向脉动速度等值面显示了PVC周围流体的大尺度涡旋结构。     

导弹大迎角下非线性诱导滚转力矩数值研究简

 采用计算流体力学（CFD）数值模拟方法,研究战术导弹大迎角状态下涡破裂导致滚转力矩随迎角非线性增长引起舵面控制能力不足的现象。首先通过标准模型的数值分析,验证了所采用的CFD方法具有三角翼前缘涡破裂现象的捕捉能力;然后采用雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程对某“++”字正常布局导弹构型（含弹翼、弹身、尾舵和整流罩等）进行了数值模拟,结果显示亚声速状态下滚转力矩在迎角大于20°时出现非线性增长,导致全动尾舵的滚转控制能力不足。通过分解各部件对滚转力矩的贡献,并分析流场结构,探明了该现象发生的流动机理,其主要原因是：随着迎角的增长,弹体迎风面的尾舵前缘涡首先发生破裂,导致其平衡诱导滚转力矩的作用被削弱。     

美国军用直升机发动机计划进展

美国陆军近年来先后启动了5项未来直升机发动机预研计划,它们为陆军发展下一代先进涡轴发动机打下坚实技术基础。     

基于试验设计的高负荷轴流压气机叶顶喷气参数化研究

为了揭示叶顶喷气对压气机稳定裕度的影响规律,对一跨声速轴流压气机进行三维非定常数值模拟,结合试验设计与统计学分析的方法对叶顶喷气展开参数化研究,并分析了叶顶喷气的扩稳机理。研究表明,叶顶喷气整体上提升了压气机的性能,通过激励叶顶环壁附面层抑制叶顶泄漏涡堵塞,达到提升压气机稳定裕度的目的。同时,叶顶喷气会引起压气机失速类型的变化。不同喷气量下的喷气规律是不同的,喷气量与喉部高度、喷气角度间存在交互作用。喷气量较小时应减小喷嘴喉部高度,在相对坐标系下沿转子叶顶前缘中弧线方向喷气;喷气量较大时应增加喉部高度,避免引起叶顶过载失速,喷气应提供正预旋来减小叶顶攻角。喷嘴应与转子叶顶前缘保持一定距离。     

Generalized Kutta–Joukowski theorem for multi-vortex and multi-airfoil flow(a lumped vortex model)

For purpose of easy identification of the role of free vortices on the lift and drag and for purpose of fast or engineering evaluation of forces for each individual body,we will extend in this paper the Kutta–Joukowski(KJ) theorem to the case of inviscid flow with multiple free vortices and multiple airfoils. The major simplification used in this paper is that each airfoil is represented by a lumped vortex,which may hold true when the distances between vortices and bodies are large enough. It is found that the Kutta–Joukowski theorem still holds provided that the local freestream velocity and the circulation of the bound vortex are modified by the induced velocity due to the outside vortices and airfoils. We will demonstrate how to use the present result to identify the role of vortices on the forces according to their position,strength and rotation direction. Moreover,we will apply the present results to a two-cylinder example of Crowdy and the Wagner example to demonstrate how to perform fast force approximation for multi-body and multi-vortex problems. The lumped vortex assumption has the advantage of giving such kinds of approximate results which are very easy to use. The lack of accuracy for such a fast evaluation will be compensated by a rigorous extension,with the lumped vortex assumption removed and with vortex production included,in a forthcoming paper.     

Determination of thermal expansion coefficients for unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites

In the present work, the coefficients of thermal expansion（CTEs） of unidirectional（UD）fiber-reinforced composites are studied. First, an attempt is made to propose a model to predict both longitudinal and transverse CTEs of UD composites by means of thermo-elastic mechanics analysis. The proposed model is supposed to be a concentric cylinder with a transversely isotropic fiber embedded in an isotropic matrix, and it is subjected to a uniform temperature change. Then a concise and explicit formula is offered for each CTE. Finally, some finite element（FE） models are created by a finite element program MSC. Patran according to different material systems and fiber volume fractions. In addition, the available experimental data and results of other analytical solutions of CTEs are presented. Comparisons are made among the results of the cylinder model,the finite element method（FEM）, experiments, and other solutions, which show that the predicted CTEs by the new model are in good agreement with the experimental data. In particular, transverse CTEs generally offer better agreements than those predicted by most of other solutions.     

一种直升机自旋训练过程涡轴发动机控制规律设计与仿真

针对直升机自旋训练过程中涡轴发动机快速响应要求,提出了一种以燃油流量和导叶角为控制量的鲁棒控制规律抑制自由涡轮转速瞬态下垂.首先,通过改进UH-60直升机/T700发动机综合模型,使之能够模拟自旋进入及自旋恢复过程动态变化.其次,提出并设计一种基于燃油流量和导叶调节的涡轴发动机鲁棒控制规律,并通过典型的自旋训练过程仿真,验证了该控制规律相比仅以燃油流量为变量的控制规律,自由涡轮转速瞬态下垂量降低至3%以下,且燃油流量变化更加平缓,改善了执行机构的工作条件.