某圆周缝型救生伞的充气性能研究

为获得新型圆周缝结构救生伞的充气性能,文章采用任意拉格朗日欧拉流固耦合方法对该救生伞进行了充气过程的数值模拟,用空投试验结果验证了该数值方法的可行性。数值结果得到了绕伞衣流场、伞衣外形、运动的动态信息,对数值结果的分析发现初始充气阶段后期流场对上部伞衣影响很大,为充气过程中上部伞衣的控制提供了依据,但是初始充气期救生伞的摆动角度小于充满期。对于结构透气量不对称设计的伞衣,不对称充气是绝对的,圆周缝会首先在结构透气量少的部位张开。结果表明,对不同的圆周缝节点设计不同的开缝力将有助于保持良好的对称充气状态,改变开缝力的设计参数将会改变圆周缝的开缝时间及圆周缝完全张开所需的时长,将达到更好的减载效果。研究结果对圆周缝型降落伞的优化设计有一定的参考作用。     

基于信息流的耦合数字卫星构建方法

针对卫星的地面测试、系统演练及在轨运行等需求,提出了基于信息流的耦合数字卫星构建方法,通过低成本、低风险、高效率的模拟硬件行为,解决了硬件未全部就绪的情况下,开展软件全生命周期的并行开发及测试;通过提供动力学、能源、热模型等耦合数学模型库,解决仿真系统和真实卫星行为差异问题,提供了在轨卫星故障链预演和分析平台.基于信息流的耦合数字卫星以虚拟处理器仿真为核心,通过硬件行为模拟,结合多物理场数字模型,扩展了数字卫星仿真的覆盖面,加强了仿真的真实性,降低了成本与风险.     

一种快速模拟振荡叶栅非定常流的数值方法

为了提高叶轮机内周期性非定常流数值计算效率,发展了一种计算振荡叶栅非线性非定常流的谐波平衡方法,将周期性非定常流动参数采用傅里叶级数表示,从而将传统的定常流动数值计算方法应用于非定常流问题求解中,大大提高了非定常流计算效率。计算结果表明,发展的谐波平衡方法与线性方法、非线性时域法计算结果吻合较好,且其计算效率比时域法高1个数量级。另外,系统研究了谐波阶次对计算效率与计算精度的影响,认为在气流未出现严重分离时,应采用低阶谐波平衡方法,以减少计算耗时。此外,从压气机振荡叶栅非定常流场计算结果可以看出,叶片吸力面诱导涡的生成频率与振荡频率并不一致,涡生成频率要高于振荡频率。     

基于多场耦合的飞行器热环境数值分析方法研究

新一代高超声速飞行器的发展给防热设计问题带来严峻挑战。根据飞行器热环境多场耦合特性,提出了一种基于多场耦合的热环境数值分析策略,并在此基础上发展了基于Navier-Stokes方程的流场CFD分析程序,通过有效的界面数据传递算法,实现了与结构有限元热分析软件的耦合,形成了基于流场与结构耦合传热的飞行器热环境多场耦合数值分析方法。以典型圆管前缘为计算模型进行了程序验证,并对稳态和非稳态飞行环境下的流场与结构耦合传热特征和规律进行了数值分析研究。结果分析表明,该方法能够有效地刻画流场与结构之间的耦合传热特征和规律,预测和分析飞行器热环境的空间和时间分布特性,从而可为防热设计的选材和优化提供可靠的参考依据和分析手段。     

高压涡轮转子叶片内部气流组织方式研究

为了获得涡轮转子叶片内部冷却结构的冷却性能,采用气热耦合计算的方法分析了在相同冷气总量条件下3种不同的气流组织方式对叶片冷却效果的影响,并选择其中相对优化的冷却结构进行了转速对进气压力和综合冷却效率的影响研究。结果表明,B型结构叶片气流组织较为合理,表面温度较为均匀,整体冷却效率得到有效提高;哥氏力和离心浮升力的存在导致冷却气流发生相应偏转,前缘滞止线随转速增加由压力面向吸力面偏移,同时前缘气膜出流随转速发生变化,随着转速增大,压力面综合冷却效率提高,吸力面综合冷却效率下降。     

自由落体下落速度振荡现象的研究

为了研究自由下落物体的速度震荡现象,基于相对运动原理,应用立式风洞研究了5种典型形状的物体在上升气流中的悬浮特性。模型包括球形、正方体、长方体、短圆柱体和碟形等刚体。风速的平均值由皮托管风速计测得,同时通过CCD相机记录了物体达到悬浮状态前后的运动状态并进行了定量分析。实验结果表明：对称性较好的物体具有较稳定的悬浮特性;而非对称性物体,由于不同姿态角下的阻力系数和扭矩系数不同,很难维持一个稳定的悬浮状态,将伴随姿态的变化不断发生振荡运动。从而说明,空间形体对称的物体自由下落过程中可以达到较稳定的最大下落速度,而形体非对称的物体则难以达到确定的最大速度。除实验研究之外,还采用动态网格数值模拟手段计算了二维方形模型下落过程中的姿态角及运动轨迹,同时得到模型不同姿态角下的阻力和扭矩,计算结果也进一步解释了物体下落速度会发生振荡的原因。     

主动冷却燃烧室燃烧与传热耦合过程迭代分析设计方法

为了对主动冷却超燃冲压发动机进行研究与设计,采用实验与计算相结合的方法,对主动冷却超燃冲压发动机燃烧室内传热与燃烧的耦合过程进行了分析。该方法采用燃烧室静压分布的测量值作为输入条件,开展燃气-结构-燃料耦合传热分析,获得经过冷却系统后燃料的状态参数;将燃料的状态参数作为实验参数,开展直联式超声速燃烧实验,得到新的静压分布,如此反复迭代,直至燃料状态不再变化,最终确定主动冷却燃烧室的各种传热与燃烧特性参数。利用该分析方法,初步开展了不同飞行马赫数条件下主动冷却燃烧室闭环运行状态研究,得到了冷却煤油温度与燃烧室壁温同飞行马赫数的关系。     

Flutter analysis of an airfoil with nonlinear damping using equivalent linearization

The equivalent linearization method （ELM） is modified to investigate the nonlinear flut- ter system of an airfoil with a cubic damping. After obtaining the linearization quantity of the cubic nonlinearity by the ELM, an equivalent system can be deduced and then investigated by linear flut- ter analysis methods. Different from the routine procedures of the ELM, the frequency rather than the amplitude of limit cycle oscillation （LCO） is chosen as an active increment to produce bifurca- tion charts. Numerical examples show that this modification makes the ELM much more efficient. Meanwhile, the LCOs obtained by the ELM are in good agreement with numerical solutions. The nonlinear damping can delay the occurrence of secondary bifurcation. On the other hand, it has marginal influence on bifurcation characteristics or LCOs.     

Friction moment analysis of space gyroscope bearing with ribbon cage under ultra-low oscillatory motion

This paper presents the model of calculating the total friction moment of space gyroscope ball bearings which usually work under ultra-low oscillatory motion and are very sensitive to the friction moment. The aim is to know the proportion of the friction moment caused by each frictional source in the bearing＇s total friction moment, which is helpful to optimize the bearing design to deduce the friction moment. In the model, the cage dynamic equations considering six degree-of-freedom and the balls dynamic equations considering two degree-of-freedom were solved.The good trends with different loads between the measured friction moments and computational results prove that the model under constant rate was validated. The computational results show that when the speed was set at 5 r/min, the bearing＇s maximum total friction moment when oscillation occurred was obviously larger than that occurred at a constant rate. At the onset of each oscillatory motion, the proportion of the friction moment caused by cage in the bearing＇s total friction moment was very high, and it increased with the increasing speed. The analyses of different cage thicknesses and different clearances between cage pocket and ball show that smaller thickness and clearance were preferred.     

Coupling damage and reliability model of low-cycle fatigue and high energy impact based on the local stress–strain approach

Fatigue induced products generally bear fatigue loads accompanied by impact processes,which reduces their reliable life rapidly. This paper introduces a reliability assessment model based on a local stress–strain approach considering both low-cycle fatigue and high energy impact loads.Two coupling relationships between fatigue and impact are given with effects of an impact process on fatigue damage and effects of fatigue damage on impact performance. The analysis of the former modifies the fatigue parameters and the Manson–Coffin equation for fatigue life based on material theories. On the other hand, the latter proposes the coupling variables and the difference of fracture toughness caused by accumulative fatigue damage. To form an overall reliability model including both fatigue failure and impact failure, a competing risk model is developed. A case study of an actuator cylinder is given to validate this method.