曲线轨迹下前视多通道SAR解模糊成像算法

前视合成孔径雷达（SAR）存在左右模糊问题，在直线航迹下，目标关于航线对称模糊，模糊关系不随航线变化，可利用波束形成进行全孔径解模糊处理；但在曲线航迹下，目标的模糊关系具有空变性，不能全孔径解模糊成像。针对这一问题，分析了曲线航迹下目标模糊关系的空变特性，提出一种前视多通道SAR快速后向投影子孔径处理解模糊成像算法。首先进行子孔径划分，在每个子孔径内目标的模糊关系近似不变，每个子孔径分别成像，然后通过波束形成对每幅子图像进行解模糊处理，最后融合子图像得到最终的成像结果。算法有效解决了曲线轨迹下目标模糊关系的空变性对解模糊的影响，仿真实验验证了算法的有效性。     

Modeling and analysis of solar Doppler difference bias with arbitrary rotation axis

The solar rotation causes the solar Doppler difference bias, which leads to the decline of the velocity measurement accuracy. Modeling and compensation are an effective solution. The limited model with specific geometric direction, where the solar rotation axis is perpendicular to the plane through the Sun, the Earth and Mars, was established. However, in fact, the geometric relationship among the Sun, Mars and the spacecraft is not fully in line with the hypothesis of the model due to the spacecraft orbital angle and the solar rotation axis drift. Thus, this model is not consistent with the fact. In order to solve this problem, a universal solar Doppler difference bias model, which provides the expression with arbitrary rotation axis, is established in this paper. In this method, for any point at the solar surface, four variables including the direction of the solar rotation linear velocity at this point, the distance from this point to the rotation axis, the vector from this point to Mars, and the vector from this point to the spacecraft are calculated. Based on these four variables, the solar Doppler difference bias corresponding to this point is obtained. The theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate that the solar Doppler difference bias model with the actual rotation axis is different from that with one of the specific rotation axes. Therefore, it is indispensable to build the proposed model for compensation. Besides, the direction of the solar rotation axis, the spacecraft-Mars-Sun angle and the spacecraft-to-Mars distance are important impact factors for the proposed model.     

一种基于信道模拟的测速精度评估方法

为了评估单向多普勒测速动态测量精度,构建了一种基于卫星信道模拟器的测速精度评估系统,通过在卫星信道模拟器装订卫星飞行轨迹,利用卫星信道模拟器对上行信号加入传播时延、多普勒频率,对卫星在轨飞行状态下的单向多普勒测速进行场景仿真,并对场景仿真获取的测速数据进行O-C残差序列分析,得到动态测量条件下的测速精度。给出了O-C残差序列的计算方法,分析了单向多普勒测速体制下时钟偏差对测速结果的影响,并给出了一种简单的时钟误差修正方法。     

基于PD处理技术的雷达弱信号检测方法

针对脉冲跟踪测量雷达普遍存在的远距离弱信号检测能力不足的问题,基于PD（PulseDoppler,脉冲多普勒）雷达的杂波抑制与信号处理技术,提出脉冲雷达中的弱信号检测方法;详细分析了在脉冲跟踪测量雷达中应用PD处理技术的可行性,得出在一定约束条件下,可将PD处理技术运用于脉冲跟踪测量雷达,并提出了具体实现方法;最后,通过数据仿真和脉冲雷达实际测量数据进行验证,结果表明该方法能有效提高信噪比。     

基于DDS技术的雷达多普勒频率模拟器

介绍了两种采用直接数字合成(DDS)技术的雷达目标多普勒频率模拟器,在26位数字控制字的控制下,模拟器可以相参地产生高分辨率的多普勒频率信号。     

基于遗传算法的多部测速雷达布站优化研究

通过部署于不同地点的多部无源多普勒测速雷达,可以对有辐射信号源的机动飞行目标进行跟踪测量,并且可以对目标位置和速度信息进行最佳估计。本文探讨了遗传算法在测速雷达布站优化中的使用方法,分析了误差传播矩阵,建立了简易目标函数,利用遗传算法对信标体制下的多普勒测速单站的布站几何进行了优化。     

一种基于多普勒频移比的交叉定位中虚假目标清除方法

清除由测向线交叉产生的虚假目标点是无源交叉定位的关键问题,目前已经有多种解决办法,如最小距离法、最大似然法和频谱相关法,但它们或是有效性低,或是计算量大,或是需要较难获得的先验知识。利用多普勒频移比清除双站测向交叉定位产生的虚假目标是一种新方法,这种方法只利用传感器接收到的目标频率,而无需获得目标的发射频率,也不需其它的先验知识,且计算较为简单。计算机仿真结果表明该方法有效。     

Application of HF Doppler measurements for the investigation of internal atmospheric waves in the ionosphere

We present results of the spectral analysis of data series of Doppler frequency shifted signals reflected from the ionosphere, using experimental data received at Kazan University, Russia. Spectra of variations with periods from 1 min to 60 days have been calculated and analyzed for different scales of periods. The power spectral density for spring and winter differs by a factor of 3–4. Local maxima of variation amplitude are detected, which are statistically significant. The periods of these amplitude increases range from 6 to 12 min for winter, and from 24 to 48 min for autumn. Properties of spectra for variations with the periods of 1–72 h have been analyzed. The maximum of variation intensity for all seasons and frequencies corresponds to the period of 24 h. Spectra of variations with periods from 3 to 60 days have been calculated. The maxima periods of power spectral density have been detected by the MUSIC method for the high spectral resolution. The detected periods correspond to planetary wave periods. Analysis of spectra for days with different level of geomagnetic activity shows that the intensity of variations for days with a high level of geomagnetic activity is higher.     

“火星快车”的三程多普勒观测

利用中国VLBI网无线电天线和数字信号采集系统跟踪测量了欧洲航天局的＂火星快车＂（MEX）探测器,并研发了相应的三程多普勒信号提取算法和软件。对探测器8.4GHz下行载波1s采样的最终结果显示,多普勒数据随机噪声为1mm/s,这些数据已成功应用于对火星探测器的轨道确定。     

在轴流风扇中的流场测量和显示

介绍了利用激光多普勒测速仪(LDA)和激光片光流场显示技术在一轴流风扇转子叶尖附近流场测量得到的结果.试验结果表明,转子叶尖处的通道涡并不是叶尖间隙流卷起造成的,而是由于端壁附面层受到叶尖间隙流的横向冲击后从机匣壁面上脱落形成的.