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To better understand the formation of H2O2 in the ozonation of nitrobenzene and its role for the oxidation,a batch reactor of nitrobenzene ozonation was set up.The variables such as pH value,ozone dosage,and the presence of hydroxyl radical scavenger were investigated.The results showed that high accumulations of H2O2 were generally formed at low pH values and low ozone dosages.Moreover,H2O2 mainly formed after nitrobenzene was oxidized by hydroxyl radical during ozonation of the intermediates,such as p-nitrophenol,which reacted with ozone quickly in water.A small amount of additional H2O2 enhanced the nitrobenzene removal slightly.The kinetic study showed that nitrobenzene degradation fitted with pseudo-second-order kinetics well in the experiment.The kinetic constant values correlated linearly with the concentrations of H2O2 added.Thus,it is expected that the H2O2 formed in oxidation of nitrobenzene may initiate ozone decomposition to form hydroxyl radical and finally enhance the degradation of aromatic compounds to a certain extent. 相似文献
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根据北斗卫星系统特有的信息传输特征,本文研究了在北斗灾害预警信息发布系统中采用应用层前向纠错(FEC)技术能够成功提高预警信息传输的准确性.仿真结果表明预警信息的成功传输率可到达99.99%以上.所得到的结论对于北斗灾害预警信息发布系统中的参数选择及性能优化具有指导意义. 相似文献
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针对推力矢量型垂直/短距起降(vertical/short takeoff and landing, V/STOL)飞行器的动态过渡过程模型,综合考虑过渡走廊限制、操纵冗余及不同起降任务需求指标,研究最优过渡操纵策略。考虑V/STOL飞行器的喷射气流效应,对飞行器进行全量动力学建模。利用可达平衡集方法,建立通用过渡走廊计算框架。设计了能够在V/STOL过渡段和高速飞行间平稳过渡的操纵方式。将推力矢量飞行器的动态倾转过渡过程转化为非线性动态最优控制问题,根据不同起降任务特点建立合理的指标和约束,采用直接转换法和序列二次规划算法进行求解,得出不同任务特点下的最优操纵策略与过渡过程。采用可达平衡集计算过渡走廊的方法,不仅不受飞行器类型的限制,更简化了构造过程,具有良好的通用性与鲁棒性。以光滑过渡为目标的优化结果使得飞行员在飞行器过渡过程中的操纵量变化大幅减小,从而使得飞行员能更加专注于对飞行器运动的操纵;以距离更短为目标的优化结果则使得降落过程的飞行距离缩短了30%左右。从操纵策略出发的优化结果使得驾驶员能够更好掌握操纵关注点及边界,增加了整个动态过渡过程的安全性。 相似文献
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本文分析了可编程逻辑器件出现竞争冒险的原因,介绍了在数字系统设计过程中常用的几种消除竞争冒险的措施。 相似文献