新淬火状态硬铝合金板的成形性能及数值模拟

研究了铝合金退火状态和新淬火状态下的成形性能,给出了主要成形性能指标与自然时效及预变形的关系,表明在新淬火状态一定时间内,铝合金仍然具有良好的成形性能,淬火前的变形和淬火后的时效过程将降低成形性能;通过退火状态和新淬火状态材料成形的数值模拟对比,表明新淬火状态材料成形具有以下特点:新淬火状态材料成形需要更大的力能参数,残余应力和回弹较大,成形后变薄较小,厚度分布较均匀,随着时效时间增加和淬火前变形的增加,成形力、厚度变薄和回弹增大.     

铝合金厚板淬火残余应力的有限元模拟及其对加工变形的影响

航空整体结构件在加工过程中容易发生较大变形。为了研究毛坯的初始残余应力对整体结构件加工变形的影响,采用准耦合方法,利用有限元软件ABAQUS模拟7075铝合金毛坯的淬火过程,研究该过程中温度的变化和残余应力的分布规律,并在含有淬火残余应力的毛坯上进行材料去除模拟。结果表明,模拟产生的比例件的变形与实际加工的比例件的变形非常近似,从而证明了毛坯的初始残余应力是引起整体结构件加工变形的主要因素,同时验证了准耦合淬火模拟的有效性。     

40CrMnSiMoVA钢等温淬火复合组织与韧性

 <正> 合理利用复合组织是实现超高强度钢强韧化的主要途径之一。文献[2]报道了复合组织的冲击韧性α_k随下贝氏体量的增多而升高,但其断裂韧性K_(IC)却比任何一种单一组织都低。超高强度钢的α_k值和K_(IC)值随下贝氏体量增多呈现不同变化的原因,尚未见报道。本文拟通过对40CrMnSiMoVA钢的等温淬火处理,来研究其复合组织与强韧性间的关系。     

FGH95粉末涡轮盘淬火过程计算机模拟

通过对PREP粉末as-HIP FGH95粉末涡轮盘和热等静压+包套锻造FGH95粉末涡轮盘固溶处理后盐浴淬火过程的计算机模拟,计算出不同取样位置的拉伸性能,与实测性能吻合较好.通过对应力场模拟得到盘件某些关键点的淬火应力情况,分析其开裂倾向,建议加大盘件不同尺寸截面的过渡圆弧,以减小应力集中.     

9SiCr合金刃具钢在不同介质淬火后性能比较

通过对9SiCr合金刃具钢在清水、锭子油和高压气体等淬火介质中淬火对比实验,研究了9SiCr合金刃具钢在不同介质淬火工艺处理后的性能。研究结果表明,水淬火时试件表面与中心的温差较大,锭子油次之,高压气体较小;试件高压气体淬火时,温度梯度小,整个断面冷却比较均匀,可以预计,相应的热应力和热变形也比较小;应用适当压力的氮气能够实现淬透性比较好的9SiCr合金刃具钢的淬火处理。     

旋流器出口结构对旋流火焰的影响研究

为了更深入地理解非预混旋流火焰，采用大涡模拟（LES）耦合PDF燃烧模型，结合OH-PLIF及PIV同步测量实验，综合研究了两种通道结构对非预混旋流火焰模式的影响。结果表明，欧拉随机场PDF方法可以较精确地预测到旋流流场及精细的火焰结构，包括局部熄火。不同的通道结构将显著影响流场结构，由于湍流/化学反应的相互作用，火焰将会出现局部熄火及火焰抬升现象。由于无通道相比于扩张通道的回流区更小，局部熄火现象也更为严重。同时，在恰当当量比下，无通道结构的OH及CH₂O等中间基在低温区分布更为广泛，表明更多的低温化学反应得以进行，为下游抬升火焰的稳定提供了有利条件。     

A review on the upper atmospheric sodium observations from India: Insights

This review article briefly brings out the historical development of atmospheric sodium (Na) measurements over India and the importance of coordinated measurements with multiple techniques to address physical processes in the Earth's upper atmosphere. These measurements were initiated in the early 1970s by observing Na airglow emission intensities with broad band airglow photometer from Mt. Abu, a low-latitude hill station in India. Considerable amount of night-to-night variations in nocturnal emission intensities of the Na airglow were observed. Later, investigations regarding the dependence with the magnetic activities from the equatorial and low latitudes were carried out and double-humped structures in the nocturnal variation of intensities were reported. With the advent of Na lidar at Gadanki around 2005, the measurements of atmospheric neutral Na atom concentration became possible and more frequent occurrences of sporadic Na layers over the magnetic low latitude station compared to other latitudes were detected indicating the role played by electrodynamics. Later, a possible relationship between E-region field aligned plasma irregularities and the concentration of neutral Na atoms was investigated using coordinated measurements of VHF radar and Na lidar. Further, simultaneous measurements with Na lidar and a narrow band airglow photometer with narrow field of view brought out the importance of coordinated observation wherein the characterization of gravity waves could be carried out and also revealed the importance of collisional quenching due to ambient molecules in the Na airglow emission processes. In addition, combining the ground based measurements of Na lidar and meteor wind radar along with satellite measurements made possible to hypothesize the over-turning Kelvin–Helmholtz billow in the Na layer manifests “C-type” or inverted lambda shape structures in the height-time-concentration map of neutral Na atoms. This review paper presents a synoptic view mostly based on the previously reported observations of Na airglow emission, Na lidar and coordinated Na airglow and Na lidar observations from the Indian sector and highlights the importance of simultaneous measurements of mesospheric Na and its emissions along with satellite-borne measurements to address interesting geophysical processes in the Earth's upper atmosphere.     

O2 evolution and cyclic electron flow around photosystem I in long-term ground batch culture of Euglena gracilis

Based on the purpose of better exploring the function of green producers in the closed aquatic biological life support system, the condition of dynamic O₂ evolution and performance of cyclic electron flow around photosystem I (CEF-PSI) in long-term ground batch culture of Euglena gracilis were studied, the relationship between linear electron flow (LEF) and CEF-PSI was revealed, the function of CEF-PSI was investigated. Excellent consistency in O₂ evolution pattern was observed in cultures grown in both closed and open containers, O₂ evolution was strictly suppressed in phase 1, but the rate of it increased significantly in phase 2. CEF-PSI was proposed to be active during the whole course of cultivation, even in the declining phase 3, it still operated at the extent of 47–55%. It is suggested that the relationship between LEF and CEF-PSI is not only competition but also reciprocity. CEF-PSI was proposed to contribute to the considerable growth in phase 1; it was also suggested to play an important protective role against photosystem II (PSII) photoinhibition at the greatly enhanced level (approximately 80–95%) on the 2nd day. Our results in this research suggest that E. gracilis had very particular photosynthetic characteristics, the strict O₂ evolution suppression in the initial culture phase might be a special light acclimation behavior, and CEF-PSI could be an important mechanism involved in this kind of adaptation to the changeable light environment.     

本生灯预混火焰淬熄距离实验分析

淬熄距离是表征壁面淬熄效应的一项重要参数.通过直接拍摄火焰位置图片,得到甲烷本生灯预混火焰淬熄距离随来流预混气速度与当量比的变化关系.实验结果表明,本生灯火焰淬熄距离随来流速度的变化规律在不同当量比范围内是不同的.而在同一速度下,随来流当量比增大,淬熄距离贫油时减小,富油时先增大再减小,最后在某一当量比时淬熄距离保持一个定值.这一变化关系是由来流预混气对壁面的冷却作用和火焰面对壁面的加热作用共同影响所造成的,尤其是富油预混火焰的双层结构会极大地影响淬熄效应.      

某航空发动机轴承钢球失效分析

针对某航空发动机轴承钢球的表面剥落及裂纹故障,利用视频显微镜、扫描电镜等设备对故障钢球剥落表面进行宏、微观检查,明确了钢球表面剥落性质为滚动接触疲劳;通过裂纹断口分析、能谱分析及金相检查等手段,确定了钢球裂纹是在淬火过程中温度过高导致的淬火裂纹,同时钢球组织中存在带状碳化物,对淬火裂纹的产生有一定的促进作用。淬火裂纹在钢球工作过程中并未扩展,但引起钢球表面发生接触疲劳剥落。建议在钢球热处理过程中,严格控制热处理工艺参数,保证热处理温度和保温时间的稳定。