民航飞机放行评估实验教学方法研究

飞机放行评估是航空公司进行运行控制的一项重要内容，它直接决定了航空公司运行和服务的质量。文中通过对中国民航大学现有的教学资源和现用的教学方法进行介绍，并进一步提出改革建议，从而有助于更好地搭建实验平台，提高教学质量。     

高风险场所安全防范系统不确定性分析与评估

安全防范系统运行的有效性是保证被防护对象的关键。然而,安全防范系统本身及其运行环境存在多种不确定性因素,这些不确定性的存在将导致场所内存在很大的风险性,如果分析处理不当会产生严重的后果。在给出物理系统不确定性模型的基础上,分析了安全防范系统中存在的不确定性因素,提出了层次分析和灰色理论相结合的方法,评估不确定风险因素的权重,实现对入侵报警系统不确定性的评估。     

ADS-B监视下飞行间隔评估方法研究

广播式自动相关监视（ADS-B）技术推广使用的首要问题是间隔标准的确定,为此ADS-B下飞行间隔的评估就成为亟待解决的问题。采用与基准系统进行比较的方法,对ADS-B监视下的飞行间隔的安全评估方法进行了研究。建立了ADS-B监视下的危险接近概率模型,确定了ADS-B下飞行间隔的研究方法,对雷达监视和ADS-B监视下的危险接近概率进行比较分析,在不低于雷达监视的安全目标水平下确定出ADS-B监视下对应的最小间隔。研究结果表明：在不低于雷达监视的安全目标水平下,ADS-B监视下的飞行间隔标准更小,因此方法适用于国内ADS-B监视下的飞行间隔的评估。     

TIA前机载软件成熟度评估的相关研究

率先引入rFAA（美国联邦航空局）提出的软件成熟度的概念。局方正式签发TIA（型号检查核准书）前,在软件的构型和符合性均未达到最终冻结状态的情况下,通过对软件的成熟度进行有效评估,可以为验证试飞前软件的工程批准提供有力的支持与保障,在一定程度上降低局方飞行试验的风险,保障适航验证试飞活动的顺利开展。由于机载软件成熟度足一个新兴的概念,目前局方（FAA、CAAC）对于如何进行成熟度评估尚未形成正式的、通用的政策性指导文件,国内主机厂对此问题也没有相关的处理经验和具体的操作方法。基于机载软件本身的特点,参考局方在机载软件审查时的主要关注点,提出了TIA前机载软件成熟度评估的基本考虑要素与分析重点。     

On the effect of considering more realistic particle shape and mass parameters in MMOD risk assessments

One of the primary mission risks tracked in the development of all spacecraft is that due to micro-meteoroids and orbital debris (MMOD). Both types of particles, especially those larger than 0.1 mm in diameter, contain sufficient kinetic energy due to their combined mass and velocities to cause serious damage to crew members and spacecraft. The process used to assess MMOD risk consists of three elements: environment, damage prediction, and damage tolerance. Orbital debris risk assessments for the Orion vehicle, as well as the Shuttle, Space Station and other satellites use ballistic limit equations (BLEs) that have been developed using high speed impact test data and results from numerical simulations that have used spherical projectiles. However, spheres are not expected to be a common shape for orbital debris; rather, orbital debris fragments might be better represented by other regular or irregular solids. In this paper we examine the general construction of NASA’s current orbital debris (OD) model, explore the potential variations in orbital debris mass and shape that are possible when using particle characteristic length to define particle size (instead of assuming spherical particles), and, considering specifically the Orion vehicle, perform an orbital debris risk sensitivity study taking into account variations in particle mass and shape as noted above. While the results of the work performed for this study are preliminary, they do show that continuing to use aluminum spheres in spacecraft risk assessments could result in an over-design of its MMOD protection systems. In such a case, the spacecraft could be heavier than needed, could cost more than needed, and could cost more to put into orbit than needed. The results obtained in this study also show the need to incorporate effects of mass and shape in mission risk assessment prior to first flight of any spacecraft as well as the need to continue to develop/refine BLEs so that they more accurately reflect the shape and material density variations inherent to the actual debris environment.     

基于GIS面向LCA的产品材料信息管理系统建构

为解决传统生命周期评价(Life cycle assessment,LCA)空间位置数据缺失的问题,论文通过引入地理信息系统(Geographic information system,GIS)系统实现了空间位置数据的获取。论述了将空间位置数据引入LCA的必要性与可能性,提出了全新的产品材料管理信息系统功能结构与数据库框架。提出了空间位置数据的获取和有效管理的新方法,对产品材料数据库的进一步完善,以及LCA方法的进一步改进,具有非常重要的意义。     

青海玉树地震遥感监测应用研究

青海省玉树藏族自治州玉树县发生里氏7.1级地震后,作为我国减灾救灾决策支持单位,民政部卫星减灾应用中心(民政部国家减灾中心)根据国家减灾委、民政部救灾应急响应启动情况和部救灾总指挥部的统一部署,立即启动<应对突发性自然灾害空间技术响应工作规程>,实行24h业务值班制度,以高分辨率卫星和航空遥感数据为主,开展灾害监测与评...     

电子对抗有效载荷地面测试与评估技术

描述电子对抗有效载荷地面测试系统的设计内容,介绍了测试系统的主要组成、功能及测试工作原理,常有的测试项目、测试方法,载荷的数据整理、评估与分析等,为以后电子对抗载荷地面系统搭建提供参考借鉴作用。     

Earth observation from space – The issue of environmental sustainability

Remote sensing scientists work under assumptions that should not be taken for granted and should, therefore, be challenged. These assumptions include the following:1. Space, especially Low Earth Orbit (LEO), will always be available to governmental and commercial space entities that launch Earth remote sensing missions.2. Space launches are benign with respect to environmental impacts.3. Minimization of Type 1 error, which provides increased confidence in the experimental outcome, is the best way to assess the significance of environmental change.4. Large-area remote sensing investigations, i.e. national, continental, global studies, are best done from space.5. National space missions should trump international, cooperative space missions to ensure national control and distribution of the data products.At best, all of these points are arguable, and in some cases, they're wrong. Development of observational space systems that are compatible with sustainability principles should be a primary concern when Earth remote sensing space systems are envisioned, designed, and launched. The discussion is based on the hypothesis that reducing the environmental impacts of the data acquisition step, which is at the very beginning of the information stream leading to decision and action, will enhance coherence in the information stream and strengthen the capacity of measurement processes to meet their stated functional goal, i.e. sustainable management of Earth resources. We suggest that unconventional points of view should be adopted and when appropriate, remedial measures considered that could help to reduce the environmental footprint of space remote sensing and of Earth observation and monitoring systems in general. This article discusses these five assumptions in the context of sustainable management of Earth's resources. Taking each assumption in turn, we find the following:(1) Space debris may limit access to Low Earth Orbit over the next decades.(2) Relatively speaking, given that they're rare event, space launches may be benign, but study is merited on upper stratospheric and exospheric layers given the chemical activity associated with rocket combustion by-products.(3) Minimization of Type II error should be considered in situations where minimization of Type I error greatly hampers or precludes our ability to correct the environmental condition being studied.(4) In certain situations, airborne collects may be less expensive and more environmentally benign, and comparative studies should be done to determine which path is wisest.(5) International cooperation and data sharing will reduce instrument and launch costs and mission redundancy. Given fiscal concerns of most of the major space agencies – e.g. NASA, ESA, CNES – it seems prudent to combine resources.