超声速飞机低声爆布局混合优化方法研究

声爆精确预测及低声爆设计方法已成为新一代军民用超声速飞机研制过程中必须解决的关键难题之一.将改进后的SGD(Seebass-George-Darden)反设计方法、声爆预测算法与遗传算法相结合,形成低声爆布局混合优化方法,利用遗传算法对SGD参数进行优化,得到具有较低声爆超压值和较大有效容积的等效截面积分布,进而得到低声爆布局方案.构建了低声爆混合优化设计环境,可以对方案的声爆水平、感觉噪声级、机体有效容积以及等效截面积分布等进行计算分析,在总体设计阶段具有较高的工程实用价值.优化后的方案采用连翼布局,钝形机头设计,优化后方案的声爆超压值降低了14.51％,机体有效容积增加了15.08％.由于尾部激波强度的不同,地面声爆感觉噪声级随滚转角的变化呈现先变小、后变大、再变小的趋势,对于尾部声爆波形还需进一步优化研究,以降低感觉噪声级.     

多孔渗透结构影响尾缘噪声的试验

本文设计了一种尾缘(TE)上游多孔渗透结构,通过在全消声低速射流风洞,利用远场麦克风测量研究了不同工况和材料物性下尾缘辐射噪声的影响。结果表明:所设计的多孔渗透结构产生了额外的方腔噪声特征,相对密度4.7%的泡沫金属所产生的附加噪声最小,颗粒状多孔材料比泡沫金属产生的附加噪声小。对称流动条件下多孔平板尾缘噪声中出现的方腔单音噪声特征,在人工非对称流动条件干涉下消失,表明压差推动渗流穿过表面是这种设计的关键。缩小人工非对称流动与非对称曲面翼型产生的压力条件之间的差异以及避免过大面积多孔设计是改进的方向。     

民用客机缝翼气动噪声数值模拟研究

气动噪声水平是衡量民用客机设计水平的重要指标之一。在飞机着陆过程中,增升装置缝翼是机体气动噪声的重要噪声源。通过求解非线性扰动方程对增升装置缝翼噪声进行了二维数值模拟研究。分别针对不同来流攻角以及主翼钝后缘和尖后缘研究了缝翼噪音的频率特性。计算结果表明,缝翼缝道内的非定常涡是产生噪声的主要原因,随着来流攻角的减小,缝道内的非定常涡强度增大,活动区域变宽,进而辐射更多的噪声,从非定常声场及噪声的频率特性来看,缝翼噪声是一种偶极子声源,具有明显的宽频特性,主要噪声源集中在低频到中频段,随着频率增大,噪声幅值逐渐衰减。数值模拟较好地捕捉到了缝翼噪声源的发声机制和频率特性,为噪声控制打下了良好的基础。     

Match-mode method and its numerical simulation for rotor-stator interaction source modes and propagation modes in an annular duct with multi-treatments

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Interface flux reconstruction method based on optimized weight essentially non-oscillatory scheme

Aimed at the computational aeroacoustics multi-scale problem of complex configurations discretized with multi-size mesh, the flux reconstruction method based on modified Weight Essentially Non-Oscillatory (WENO) scheme is proposed at the interfaces of multi-block grids. With the idea of Dispersion-Relation-Preserving (DRP) scheme, different weight coefficients are obtained by optimization, so that it is in WENO schemes with various characteristics of dispersion and dissipation. On the basis, hybrid flux vector splitting method is utilized to intelligently judge the amplitude of the gap between grid interfaces. After the simulation and analysis of 1D convection equation with different initial conditions, modified WENO scheme is proved to be able to independently distinguish the gap amplitude and generate corresponding dissipation according to the grid resolution. Using the idea of flux reconstruction at grid interfaces, modified WENO scheme with increasing dissipation is applied at grid points, while DRP scheme with low dispersion and dissipation is applied at the inner part of grids. Moreover, Gauss impulse spread and periodic point sound source flow among three cylinders with multi-scale grids are carried out. The results show that the flux reconstruction method at grid interfaces is capable of dealing with Computational AeroAcoustics (CAA) multi-scale problems.     

基于混合RANS/LES方法与FW-H方程的气动声学计算研究

在气动噪声的数值计算过程中,非定常流动的求解精度对声学计算结果有着重要的影响.以机体噪声计算的标准算例双圆柱绕流气动噪声问题为研究对象,采用基于非线性k-ε湍流模型的限制数值尺度(LNS)方法对双圆柱绕流进行了数值模拟,将计算得到的气动特性和流动特征与相应的试验结果进行了对比分析.为了求解远场观测点处的气动噪声,在精确求解双圆柱绕流流动的基础上结合基于FW-H(Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings)方程的声类比方法进行数值计算,并通过圆柱体的展向相关性对计算结果进行了修正,将得到的最终结果与相应的声学试验结果进行了对比,两者吻合良好,表明该数值方法是准确、可靠的.     

特征无反射边界条件应用于二维圆柱绕流模拟

采用特征无反射边界条件和吸收层技术相结合的边界处理方法,研究了二维圆柱绕流模拟的边界反射问题。近年来在计算气动声学中提出了将大涡模拟和声学传播方程结合的混合方法求解声场,基于计算量的考虑,须在较小的计算区域内进行大涡模拟,这就需要在计算区域较小时,边界的反射尽可能小。作为大涡模拟研究的技术储备,将该方法应用于二维圆柱绕流的模拟中。数值结果表明这种方法在计算区域较小时,能起到很好的无反射效果,计算结果与前人在计算区域取得很大时的结果比较吻合。     

Adaptive mesh refinement computation of acoustic radiation from an engine intake

A block-structured adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) method was applied to the computational problem of acoustic radiation from an aeroengine intake. The aim is to improve the computational and storage efficiency in aeroengine noise prediction through reduction of computational cells. A parallel implementation of the adaptive mesh refinement algorithm was achieved using message passing interface. It combined a range of 2nd- and 4th-order spatial stencils, a 4th-order low-dissipation and low-dispersion Runge–Kutta scheme for time integration and several different interpolation methods. Both the parallel AMR algorithms and numerical issues were introduced briefly in this work. To solve the problem of acoustic radiation from an aeroengine intake, the code was extended to support body-fitted grid structures. The problem of acoustic radiation was solved with linearised Euler equations. The AMR results were compared with the previous results computed on a uniformly fine mesh to demonstrate the accuracy and the efficiency of the current AMR strategy. As the computational load of the whole adaptively refined mesh has to be balanced between nodes on-line, the parallel performance of the existing code deteriorates along with the increase of processors due to the expensive inter-nodes memory communication costs. The potential solution was suggested in the end.     

COMPACT FINITE VOLUME SCHEMES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

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二维平行剪切层声波产生和辐射的数值模拟

 在二维线化Euler 方程的基础上解决了第3 届计算气动声学专题讨论会的第5 类标准问题: 二维平行剪切层声波的产生和辐射。频散相关保持有限差分格式用于空间离散, 低频散低耗散的龙格库塔法用于时间积分。重点使用了远场无反射边界条件。计算结果与NASA GLENN 研究中心的解析解符合得很好。