New concepts for the avoidance or utilisation of methane in life support systems

Due to high resupply costs, especially for long-duration stays in space habitats beyond low earth orbit, future manned space missions will require life support systems (LSS) with a high degree of regenerativity. Possible ways to overcome the waste of resources and to save on resupply mass are therefore of major interest for the development of next generation environmental control and life support systems.     

甲烷跨临界传热恶化影响因素分析

为了研究甲烷在跨临界条件下传热恶化现象的产生机理及影响因素,对非对称加热条件下矩形通道内甲烷的跨临界流动与传热进行了三维数值仿真计算,并就不同出口压力和壁面粗糙度对结果的影响进行了讨论。仿真结果表明,甲烷在通道中由于温度分层,使得其靠近壁面处的拟临界温度附近存在一段区域,其定压比热容处于极大值而热导率处于极小值。二者均会阻碍流体之间的传热,导致传热恶化现象的发生。此外,将出口压力从6MPa提高到10MPa和14MPa,表面平均传热系数分别增大了18.9%和6.5%,壁面平均温度分别降低了22.9%和16.3%。将壁面粗糙度从0μm提高到3.2μm和5μm,表面平均传热系数分别增大了56.3%和92.6%,壁面平均温度分别降低了29.1%和39.3%。这表明,增大出口压力与壁面粗糙度均可以抑制传热恶化,显著降低壁面温度。然而,当出口压力过大时,由于甲烷吸热能力的降低反而会导致冷却效率下降。     

Atmospheric photochemistry above possible martian hot spots

Considering the possibility of outgassing from some localized sources on Mars, we have developed a one-dimensional photochemical model that includes methane (CH₄), sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S). Halogens were considered but were found to have no significant impact on the martian atmospheric chemistry. We find that the introduction of methane into the martian atmosphere results in the formation of mainly formaldehyde (CH₂O), methyl alcohol (CH₃OH) and ethane (C₂H₆), whereas the introduction of the sulfur species produces mainly sulfur monoxide (SO) and sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄). Depending upon the flux of the outgassed molecules from possible hot spots, some of these species and the resulting new molecules may be detectable locally, either by remote sensing (e.g., with the Planetary Fourier Spectrometer on Mars Express) or in situ measurements.     

甲烷预冷膨胀循环空气涡轮火箭发动机性能分析

为研究以甲烷燃料为冷却剂的膨胀循环空气涡轮火箭发动机可行性及性能,采用部件法建立了甲烷预冷膨胀循环空气涡轮火箭（Air-Turborocket, ATR）发动机性能评估模型,研究了压气机压比和冷却剂当量比等参数在不同飞行状态下对发动机性能的影响,分析了不同来流工况下发动机正常工作对各部件的性能需求。计算结果表明,通过大于1.0倍当量比甲烷预冷作用,甲烷预冷膨胀循环ATR发动机能在压气机压比低于2.0条件下实现Ma0~4.0速域连续工作,但由于甲烷焓值较低,限制了压气机压比的提升,因此甲烷较低的单位功是限制发动机性能改进的主要因素;甲烷预冷膨胀循环ATR发动机的涡轮功率只有在较高落压比和甲烷压力条件下才能平衡压气机功率需求;冷却循环系统与空气的热力循环匹配问题是各部件协同工作的关键,通过适当选取发动机各部件控制参数,能在Ma0~4.0速域内获得1250~2114s的比冲、70~110s的单位推力和50%的总效率。     

碳势控制数学模型的建立

研究了甲醇－乙酸乙酯气喷气炉内直接制备气氛的碳势控制问题，建立了温度Ｔ、甲烷含量、二氧化碳含量为参数的三因素碳势计算模型。该模型直实地反映了该炉气的碳变变化情况。经过几百次的试验表明，实测碳势值与模型计算值最大偏差为０．０５３％。     

剪切同轴式喷嘴中心管壁厚对火焰的影响

为了研究剪切同轴式喷嘴中心管壁厚度对火焰的影响,针对LOX/CH4火焰,采用数值方法计算了三种不同喷嘴中心管壁厚的长方体形燃烧室内的燃烧过程,计算表明,对于较大的管壁厚度,在紧贴管壁下游的区域将形成较大的回流区,有利于火焰稳定在喷嘴出口处,还给出了采用相同几何结构燃烧室的LOX/CH4燃烧试验结果,试验也得出了同样的趋势,随着中心管壁厚度的增加,火焰中心明显前移。     

Role of hydrogen in the dissociation of CH4 on different graphene by DFT study

The effect of hydrogen on the growth mechanism of pyrocarbon has attracted much attention. The influence of hydrogen on the dissociation from CH4to C2H2on pristine graphene,N-doped graphene and vacancy graphene have been investigated by using density functional theory.There are two kinds of heterogeneous reaction pathways when the hydrogen is involved, i.e., dehydrogenation reactions and H-abstraction reactions. The transition state calculations were performed to acquire the reaction pathways on...