GLONASS现代化的启迪

在综述GLONASS系统的天生不足和现代化的基础上,笔者对我国CNSS指南针导航卫星系统的建设,提出下述建议:①建立Compass卫星国际定轨观测网,提高广播星历精度;②实施Compass卫星的在轨自主更新星历,提高CNSS系统的抗毁能力;③针对导航战的新进展,制定既便于国人使用,又能够适应导航战需要的CNSS管理政策;④Compass卫星的导航电文宜提供便于GNSS接收机使用信息,以便扩大应用市场;⑤研发MEMS化Compass卫星,建设强抗毁和强抗干扰的全新Compass星座。     

国外卫星导航定位技术发展现状与趋势

本报告对目前国外三大卫星导航定位系统GPS ,GLONASS和伽利略系统的技术性能进行了对比研究 ,分析了卫星导航定位技术的未来发展趋势 ,对我国发展卫星导航定位系统提出了建议。     

GLONASS接收机频率合成器的设计与实现

根据GLONASS系统的频率计划和GLONASS接收机的特定结构,提出用变化钟频法实现GLONASS接收机的前端.对相应的前端频率合成器部分提出了具体要求,并给出了基于集成频率锁相环的频率合成器的设计与实现.讨论了固有合成频率偏差的来源和消除办法.分析了频率合成器的性能指标.实验表明,该合成器稳定性好,精度高,能够满足GLONASS实验样机的要求.      

一类适用于各种轨道类型的导航卫星广播星历研究

导航卫星广播星历是卫星导航定位的基础,要求有较高的精度和实时性。GPS和GLONASS广播星历形式适合于某一类卫星轨道,但存在一定局限性。利用切比雪夫多项式拟合导航卫星轨道,拟合系数作为广播星历的参数发布,这是一种新的广播星历形式,可作为各种轨道类型的导航卫星的广播星历参数,而且具有精度高、计算速度快等特点。     

The impact on tsunami detection from space using GNSS-reflectometry when combining GPS with GLONASS and Galileo

The devastating Sumatra tsunami in 2004 demonstrated the need for a tsunami early warning system in the Indian Ocean. Such a system has been installed within the German-Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System (GITEWS) project. Tsunamis are a global phenomenon and for global observations satellites are predestined. Within the GITEWS project a feasibility study on a future tsunami detection system from space has therefore been carried out. The Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS-R) is an innovative way of using GNSS signals for remote sensing. It uses ocean reflected GNSS signals for sea surface altimetry. With a dedicated Low Earth Orbit (LEO) constellation of satellites equipped with GNSS-R receivers, densely spaced sea surface height measurements could be established to detect tsunamis. Some general considerations on the geometry between LEO and GNSS are made in this simulation study. It exemplary analyzes the detection performance of a GNSS-R constellation at 900 km altitude and 60° inclination angle when applied to the Sumatra tsunami as it occurred in 2004. GPS is assumed as signal source and the combination with GLONASS and Galileo signals is investigated. It can be demonstrated, that the combination of GPS and Galileo is advantageous for constellations with few satellites while the combination with GLONASS is preferable for constellations with many satellites. If all three GNSS are combined, the best detection performance can be expected for all scenarios considered. In this case an 18 satellite constellation will detect the Sumatra tsunami within 17 min with certainty, while it takes 53 min if only GPS is considered.     

Combining GPS and GLONASS for time and frequency transfer

Geodetic time and frequency transfer (TFT) consists in a comprehensive modeling of code and carrier phase observations from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) in order to determine the synchronization errors between two remote clocks connected to GNSS receivers. Using either common view (CV), or Precise Point Positioning (PPP), current GNSS time transfer uses only GPS measurements. This study combines GPS and GLONASS observations in geodetic TFT in order to determine the added value of the GLONASS data in the results. Using the software Atomium, we demonstrate on one hand that using both constellations improves the solution for both CV and PPP results when analysing short data batches. In that case, there are not enough GPS code data to calibrate the solution, and additional GLONASS code data allows us to retrieve a correct absolute value for the solution. On the other hand, the CV results of frequency transfer are not significantly affected by adding GLONASS data, while in PPP the combination with GLONASS modifies the frequency transfer results, and in particular the daily frequency offset, with maximum differences of 150 ps between the TFT solutions obtained with GPS-only or GPS + GLONASS.     

GPS／GLONASS共用PDOP研究

对全球卫星定位系统的DOP因子进行了分析。对GPS/GLONASS共用系统的可用性和PDOP因子进行了理论分析和软件仿真,对星座的定位特性进行了评估。分析结果表明,GPS/GLONASS共用系统相对于单一的GPS系统在可用性和PDOP因子方面都有很大的改善,从而可以进一步改善定位精度,这就为GPS/GLONASS组合导航的进一步研究和应用奠定了基础。     

卫星导航系统发展动态

卫星导航系统是20世纪60年代中期发展起来的一种新型导航系统，90年代，卫星导航时入全运行和盛行时期，除了用于陆上，海上和空中的航行引导外，几乎扩展到军事和经济的各个方面，目前，除了已经运行的美国的GPS（全球定位系统）和俄罗斯的GLONASS（全球导航卫星系统）外，欧盟也正在积极开发伽利略系统。本文分别介绍GPS、GLONASS和伽利略系统的发展状况。     

GNSS全球导航卫星系统的新发展

GNSS全球导航卫星系统是20世纪90年代中期欧盟提出的一种综合星座系统,而不是一个单一星座系统。GNSS主要包括GPS、GLONASS、Galileo、Compass和IRNSS及它们的星基增强系统,例如,WAAS、EGNOS和GDGPS等。文中主要分析了GPS、GLONASS、Galileo的新发展及Compass和IRNSS的建设进展。     

GLONASS-based precise point positioning and performance analysis

Current precise point positioning (PPP) techniques are mainly based on GPS which has been extensively investigated. With the increase of available GLONASS satellites during its revitalization, GLONASS observations were increasingly integrated into GPS-based PPP. Now that GLONASS has reached its full constellation, there will be a wide interest in PPP systems based on only GLONASS since it provides a PPP implementation independent of GPS. An investigation of GLONASS-based PPP will also help the development of GPS and GLONASS combined PPP techniques for improved precision and reliability. This paper presents an observation model for GLONASS-based PPP in which the GLONASS hardware delay biases are addressed. In view of frequently changed frequency channel number (FCN) for GLONASS satellites, an algorithm has been developed to compute the FCN for GLONASS satellites using code and phase observations, which avoids the need to provide the GLONASS frequency channel information during data processing. The observation residuals from GLONASS-based PPP are analyzed and compared to those from GPS-based PPP. The performance of GLONASS-based PPP is assessed using data from 15 globally distributed stations.