Space law education in China: Status quo,shortcomings and possible ways out

Space law education has an essential role in the space capacity building of a country because of its importance for human resources development in space law. Comparisons between Canada and China, the European Union and China and the United States of America (USA) and China in space law degree education, course, teaching methodology, institute and practice and communication platform are provided in an attempt to review some issues which exist within the Chinese space law educational system and to seek a better choice for China’s space law education reform. Chinese space law education has achieved noticeable progress over the past two decades. However, it is still limited in comparison to its counterparts in Europe and Northern America. The range of the space law degree education programmes and space-law-related courses is comparatively limited. A gap remains between space law education and practice in China. Chinese space law classes are still dominated by the teacher-centred teaching methodology, although several universities have some new teaching practices. The establishment of seven space law-related research institutes plays an increasingly important role in Chinese space law education, space law and policy research and legal advisory services for the Chinese government and non-governmental sectors. However, these institutes still have a long way to go in comparison with their counterparts in Europe and Northern America. While China has established domestic research platforms for space law communication through international cooperation, it does not provide space law practice platforms for space law education. While international space law does not provide a direct legal foundation for space law education in China, Chinese educational laws can lay a profound legal foundation for Chinese space law education. To promote its national expertise and capacity in space law, based on the three-pillar model and the experiences of its counterparts in North America and Europe, China should adopt a systematic and sustainable regime for its space law education.     

Hardware qualification for scientific ballooning missions

The European Stratospheric Balloon Observatory (ESBO) initiative aims at simplifying the access to stratospheric balloon missions. We plan to provide platforms and support with instrument design in order to support scientists. During the design process, the inevitable question of qualification for the harsh flight conditions arises. Unfortunately, there is no existing standard for qualification of stratospheric ballooning hardware. Thus, we developed a qualification procedure for use within ESBO and similar projects.In this paper, we present our analysis of the environmental conditions in the stratosphere. While conditions at typical balloon float altitudes are similar to the space environment, there are also some relevant differences. For example, the thermal environment is dominated by radiation and thermal conduction, but the remaining atmosphere still supports a certain amount of convection. The remaining atmospheric pressure in the stratosphere also leads to reduced arcing distances. Vibrational loads are far less than for space missions, but quasi-static or shock loads may occur. The criticality of radiation increases with mission duration.Based on the environmental conditions, we present the qualification procedures for ESBO, which are based on the European Cooperation for Space Standardization (ECSS) standards for space systems. Overtesting against too high requirements leads to overengineering, driving mission cost and mitigating the advantages of balloons over space missions. Therefore, we modified the ECSS standards to fit typical scientific ballooning missions over several days at altitudes up to 40 km. Furthermore, we analyzed design rules for space systems with regard to their relevance for scientific ballooning, including material and component selection. We present the experience from the hardware qualification process for the ESBO prototype STUDIO (Stratospheric UV Demonstrator of an Imaging Observatory). Even though boundary conditions are different for each individual mission, we aimed for a broader approach: We investigated more general requirements for scientific ballooning missions to support future flights.     

航空发动机产品可制造性评估的应用研究

旨在为国内军品研制生产过程中应用可制造性评估提供必要参考,系统分析和总结了国外开展产品设计可制造性评估工作模式、方法和流程,重点描述了与英美等国外知名企业的合作和实践过程,特别是开展同步研发工作。结果表明:在传统串行设计开发模式中,只有完成上阶段工作,才能进入下阶段的工作及交换成套信息。而在可制造性评估中由于将制造工艺要求和质量要求提前引入产品设计过程,避免了传统模式中后期意见无法贯入设计图样和设计文件现象,证明其在缩短研制周期和降低成本方面是有帮助的。有必要将可制造性评估工作在国内航空发动机产品设计-制造产业链中推广应用。     

球轴承接触角测量仪的动态不确定度

考虑球轴承接触角测量仪的自身动态特性、轴承外圈的试验转速、试验加载力对测量仪测量精度的影响，建立了测量仪的动态不确定度计算模型。针对小样本试验测试结果，采用灰色理论的方法评价了球轴承接触角测量结果的不确定度。基于不确定度的分离原理，分离出测量仪的自身动态特性、外圈转速、试验加载力对测量不确定度的影响规律，建立了接触角测量的动态不确定度计算模型，并通过实际算例验证了模型。建立的测量仪动态不确定度计算模型可用于预测不同工况下的接触角测量不确定度，有助于及时对测量仪进行相应的校准，以提高接触角测量结果的精度。      

基于模型的矢量喷管控制系统设计

为实现矢量喷管控制系统正向研发"V"字模型,使用基于模型的设计方法开展矢量喷管控制系统的设计和验证。建立了包含矢量喷管液压机械单元、矢量喷管控制器及矢量偏转运动的矢量喷管控制系统模型,与发动机模型、飞机模型集成用于矢量喷管控制系统的系统综合设计。使用模型自动测试技术开展数字仿真试验,利用自动代码生成技术和实时仿真技术实现控制软件快速开发和系统半物理试验,试验结果表明了矢量喷管控制系统设计的正确性、高效性。