面向空间通信的DTN一体化传输性能约束研究

相比于地面网络，空间通信链路具有较长的延迟、频繁的中断、较高的误码率及上下行链路非对称等特性，互联网成熟的网络技术并不适用，对网络可靠传输性能的保障提出了挑战。不同于空间IP协议体系方案，针对空间通信链路特性，采用多种传输机制兼容的DTN（delay tolerant networking）协议架构。重点针对链路非对称、和信道误码率等特性，研究对保障可靠传输的TCP和LTP两种传输机制的性能制约，并给出LTP（Licklider transport protocol）机制的跨层包尺寸优化模型。基于半实物仿真平台，构建静止轨道GEO以下的空间通信场景，进行真实数据流仿真，分析链路因素对协议传输性能的影响。仿真结果表明，在近地端误码率和信道非对称比例较小的空间通信场景中，仍可以采用TCP机制保障可靠传输，但对于误码率和信道非对称比例较高的通信场景，应考虑采用LTP传输机制保障通信的有效性和可靠性。     

基于长短时记忆神经网络(LSTM)的钟差预报算法

原子钟钟差预报在原子时计算和原子钟频率驾驭中发挥着重要的作用。长短时记忆神经网络（LSTM）预报算法能够处理多参数长期依赖关系的时间序列预报，以氢钟和铯钟实测数据为样本，通过构建LSTM钟差预报模型，降低了长期原子钟内部噪声以及原子钟漂移对钟差预报的影响，并以72h，240h和720h为预报时长，分别与线性多项式模型、灰色模型和Kalman模型原子钟钟差预报模型进行预报误差对比。研究表明，在240h以上的预报时长中，LSTM建模长期依赖关系的优势得以体现，相较于其他3类模型可以获得更高的预报精度。     

异构多星编队的脉冲构型保持控制方法

近地轨道的双星编队通常设计具有自稳定性的编队构型参数初值，通过保持编队构型参数形成长期稳定的相对周期运动。针对编队中卫星数量增多产生的相对运动耦合问题，提出了基于Hill坐标和三角函数公式的多星相对运动分析方法。基于SAR载荷测量基线定义，结合多星编队构型参数的相对运动特性，提出了编队构型参数的设计方法，能够实现多星编队的最大有效基线组合。通过分析J2项摄动和大气阻力摄动的长期影响，研究了异构多星编队的相对运动衍化规律，提出了主从形式的脉冲偏置控制，能够有效保持针对异构多星编队设计的编队构型。通过面质比异构的四星编队控制仿真，验证了脉冲偏置控制形式下异构多星编队构型保持控制方法的有效性。     

基于FY-3C/VIRR地表温度数据的上海市热岛效应时空特征分析

城市热岛效应是当前城市生态领域关注的焦点问题之一。本文以上海为例，基于FY-3C/VIRR LST数据，通过计算研究区的热岛强度指数与热岛比例指数，定量分析上海市2019年全年城市热岛效应的时空变化特性。结果表明：上海市2019年全年各月份的总热岛区域面积均在40%以上，城市热岛效应较为显著，其中7月份总热岛区域面积最大；上海市热岛效应的空间分布呈现出“北热南冷”的格局，热岛效应主要分布在中部和北部； 上海市5—7月热带比例指数较高，为较严重热岛，随着8月份平均地表温度的继续升高，热岛比例指数有所下降。     

基于点云的空间非合作目标结构识别问题研究

在空间非合作目标捕获任务中，从传感器数据中识别出目标表面的可抓取结构是一个有待解决的问题。以卫星点云数据集作为对象，对4种基于神经网络算法(PointNet、PointNet++、SPLATNet和SO-Net)在卫星结构分割识别任务中的性能进行了比较分析。为了能够更好地测试算法性能，基于NASA在线数据库构建了训练测试数据集，并给出一种点云数据的快速构建方法。使用该方法，可以实现成批量地生成点云数据。仿真测试结果显示:PointNet++在卫星完整点云数据集和非完整点云数据上的分割准确率都是最高，并且分割效果也优于其他算法。     

Impact of receiver inter-frequency bias residual uncertainty on dual-frequency GBAS integrity

Dual-Frequency Ground-Based Augmentation Systems (GBAS) can be affected by receiver Inter-Frequency Bias (IFB) when Ionosphere-Free (Ifree) smoothing is applied. In the framework of the proposed GBAS Approach Service Type F (GAST-F), the IFB in the Ifree smoothed pseudorange can be corrected. However, IFB residual uncertainty still exists, which may threaten the integrity of the system. This paper presents an improved algorithm for the airborne protection level considering the residual uncertainty of IFBs to protect the integrity of dual-frequency GBAS. The IFB residual uncertainty multiplied by a frequency factor is included in the Ifree protection level together with the uncertainty of other error sources. To verify the proposed protection level algorithm, we calculate the IFB residual uncertainties of ground reference receivers and user receiver based on BDS B1I and B3I dual-frequency observation data and carry out a test at the Dongying Airport GBAS station. The results show that the proposed Ifree protection level with IFB residual uncertainty is 1.48 times the current protection level on average. The probability of Misleading Information (MI) during the test is reduced from 3.2 × 10^?4 to the required value. It is proven that the proposed protection level can significantly reduce the integrity risk brought by IFB residual uncertainty and protect the integrity of dual-frequency GBAS.     

润滑油路静电传感器动态特性仿真与试验

针对航空发动机润滑油路磨粒在线监测的静电传感器缺少特性参数与验证方法的问题，根据静电感应基本原理和传感器结构，提出相应的特性参数指标，利用环状探极感应模型进行仿真，并设计和搭建了静电传感器试验系统平台，通过试验对润滑油路静电传感器动态特性进行分析与验证。结果表明:所提特性参数指标可有效反映静电传感器的动态特性；长径比是环状润滑油路静电传感器的重要结构参数，传感器效率随长径比的增大而增大；传感器有效视场也随探极尺寸的增大而增大；所建平台可适用于实物静电传感器动态特性的分析与试验，且具有良好的可重复性。仿真和试验结果对润滑油路静电传感器的设计与应用具有重要的指导意义。      

Particle filter-based real-time phase line bias estimation for GNSS-based attitude determination with common-clock receivers

Global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-based attitude determination has been widely adopted in a wide variety of terrestrial, sea, air, and space applications. Recently, the emergence of commercial multi-GNSS common-clock receivers has brought new opportunities for high-precision GNSS-based attitude determination with single-differenced (SD) model. However, the key requirement of using this approach is the accurate estimation of the troublesome line bias (LB) in real-time. In this contribution, we propose a particle filter-based real-time phase LB estimation approach that apply to SD model with single-system single-frequency observations from common-clock receiver. We first analyzed the relationship between the integer ambiguity ratio value and the phase LB. It is proved that the accuracy of a given phase LB value can be qualified by the related ambiguity resolution ratio value, and the normalized ratio value can therefore be used to represent the likelihood function of observations. Then, we presented the particle filter-based real-time phase LB estimation procedure, and assessed its performance using GPS L1/BDS B1I observations from two datasets collected with different types of common-clock receivers in terms of the accuracy and convergence time of phase LB estimation, the computation load, and the positioning and attitude determination accuracy with respect to the double-differenced (DD) model. Experimental results demonstrated that the phase LB could be accurately estimated with short convergence time (generally within 15 epochs). Moreover, compared with the classical DD approach, the particle filter-based SD approach delivers comparable positioning root-mean-square (RMS) errors in the North and East components but significantly smaller RMS errors in the Up component. Accordingly, the achievable yaw accuracy is comparable whereas the pitch accuracy is remarkably improved. The improvements of positioning accuracy in the Up component and pitch accuracy are approximately 35.7 % to 63.7 %, and 33.3 % to 63.1 %, respectively. Additionally, the single-epoch computation time with our particle filter-based SD approach is generally 0.08 s, which is obviously larger than the DD approach but could still meet the requirements of real-time applications below 10 Hz sampling.     

大型空间可展开结构热致振动研究

搭载高精度光学载荷的空间飞行器在进出地球阴影区时,飞行器上处于展开状态的太阳帆板因剧烈的温度变化会诱发振动问题.本文采用有限元法,首先对太阳帆板进行在轨进出阴影区瞬态温度求解;然后基于卫星-太阳帆板整体动力学模型,将时变温度场等效为时变热载荷加载到整星系统上,对整星系统的热致振动动力学响应进行了数值模拟.结果表明:处于...