空间数据系统发展的三个阶段

提出把空间数据系统的发展历程分为三个阶段：第一阶段是面向信道传输,主要解决数据如何在空间链路上有效可靠传输;第二阶段是面向数据源,主要解决如何自适应不同数据源的传输要求。这两个阶段的技术已经成熟并应用。文章预测,空间数据系统将走上第三阶段,即面向数据用户的体制,到那时用户可以根据自己的需求,主动从空间分布式数据库中获取数据。文章重点阐述了第三阶段的新概念设想,它的第一步是云遥测,然后进一步建成支持交互的空间云数据系统。     

基于消隐算法的空间结构有效辐射面判断方法研究

空间环境中若投入能量是均匀的,则到达空间结构表面的外热流只与空间结构在投入能量方向上的有效投影面积有关.据此,对空间结构外热流的求解问题将转化为空间结构有效投影面积的求解问题.文章参考图形学的相关算法,提出了一种快速的、具备较高精度的重叠投影区域判断方法,用于辅助空间结构有效投影面积计算.以大型复杂卫星为例,采用该算法...     

航天项目风险管理——预先识别与控制风险到可接受程度

风险是对成功实现项目目标的威胁。航天项目风险管理是预先对风险进行系统地识别、评估、跟踪和降低的活动,是一个在整个项目生命周期内连续、反复进行的过程。风险管理的目的是将风险降低到一个可接受的水平。根据风险对成功威胁的程度排序,可以使管理的关注点集中到风险程度较大的问题上。技术风险管理关注影响技术性能的风险,是项目风险管理的组成部分。     

Virtual Reality-based Teleoperation with Robustness Against Modeling Errors

This article investigates virtual reality (VR)-based teleoperation with robustness against modeling errors. VR technology is an effective way to overcome the large time delay during space robot teleoperation. However, it depends highly on the accuracy of model. Model errors between the virtual and real environment exist inevitably. The existing way to deal with the problem is by means of either model matching or robot compliance control. As distinct from the existing methods, this article tries to combine model matching and robot compliance control. On one hand, the status of the virtual robot is corrected by using the position sensor data from robot joints before and during teleoperation, and the pose of the virtually manipulated object is obtained with visual recognition technology. On the other hand, compliance control algorithms of impedance control based on joint torque sensors and hybrid position/force control based on a wrist sensor have been executed in order to eliminate the small sustaining model errors. A VR-based teleoperation system of satellite on-orbit self-serving is built up. In order to verify the proposed method, an experiment deploying the solar panel troubled by malfunction is carried out through teleoperation. It shows that the large model errors are removed with the model matching method and the adopted compliance control is robust against the remaining small model errors.     

一种模糊飞行冲突实时检测方法研究

为了解决飞行冲突检测中虚警和漏警问题，提出飞机之间的模糊空间接近度概念以及一种模糊冲突检测方法。该方法通过实时计算飞机对之间垂直接近度与水平接近度，并使用模糊推理规则来判断飞机当前相对接近趋势以及是否存在冲突。仿真实验表明：该冲突检测方法能有效减少飞行冲突的虚警和漏警。     

Ozone mini-hole observation over the Balkan Peninsula in March 2005

Areas with dimensions of 1000–3000 km in which the total ozone content (TOC) decreases fast are called ozone mini-holes. They are generated mainly dynamically in two ways, either by poor-ozone air mass transport from the tropics to higher latitudes by planetary wave activity or, they are connected with strong adiabatic uplifting of the tropopause height. An ozone mini-hole, generated by the second mechanism, was observed over the Balkan Peninsula on 19/21 March 2005. In the middle of March, the polar vortex was strongly disturbed by Rossby waves, reaching up to the lower stratosphere. Warming episodes over a geographical area, covering the Barents Sea and the Polar Sea north from Central Siberia, displaced a polar vortex fragment extremely southwards. However, the vorticity was weak and the stratospheric temperatures did not reach low values, providing conditions for ozone chemical destruction via heterogenic reactions. At the same time, a Rossby wave ridge was located below the European polar fragment. In the period from 13 to 19 March, the thermal tropopause over Sofia was uplifted almost by 3 km. Ozone distributions observed by the SCIAMACHY instrument on 18–21 March show a fast TOC decrease westwards from Ireland, which was moving eastwards during the next days, increasing the area in which the ozone content decreased. On 20/21 March low ozone content was observed above the Stara Zagora (42°N, 25°E) ground-based station by means of the GASCOD instrument, using DOAS technique. The TOMS Earth probe instrument detected 237 DU over Sofia. This is a record low March value from the beginning of the TOMS instrument measurements in 1978. In March/April the ozone distribution was characterized by its mean annual maximum of 360 DU at 42°N.     

Response: Against manned space flight programs

Richard Rovetto has done a good job of assembling various arguments that are commonly advanced for a program of manned space flight. I will take them up one by one, and explain why I find them all unconvincing.     

微小卫星的现状及其在空间攻防中的应用

微小卫星正以其独特的优势在越来越多的领域发挥重要作用.主要介绍了现代小卫星的概念、分类和特点,并以美国和欧空局为例分析了微小卫星的发展现状,最后详细介绍了微小卫星在空间攻防中的应用前景.     

三维体视投影图画法基础

主要介绍三维体视投影图的画法，指出作图的基本规律和图形的表现方法。     

基于空间机械臂的柔顺抓捕技术研究综述

空间机械臂是广泛应用于空间探索与实验的重要机电设备,柔顺抓捕技术为其执行主要任务的基础。空间机械臂柔顺抓捕技术主要分为结构设计与控制方法两个方面。首先介绍了目前已成功应用的空间机械臂末端执行器系统,分析了其结构与抓捕原理特点,说明了相应优势与不足,并给出结构优化的合理建议。然后介绍柔顺抓捕的控制方法在空间任务以及部分非空间任务中的成功应用,比较了其特性与优劣,归纳出优化的空间机械臂柔顺抓捕控制策略。本研究期望为空间机械臂柔顺抓捕技术的研究提供思路。