一种新的蚁群算法及其在飞行器设计中的应用

尝试将蚁群算法引入飞行器优化设计领域,为此建立了适用于高维、多目标、多约束优化问题的连续空间蚁群算法,并以高超声速飞行器气动布局的多目标优化设计为例进行了验证.优化设计结果与采用遗传算法得到的优化结果进行了对比,指出了蚁群算法的优点.该研究可为蚁群算法应用于复杂、高维的大规模飞行器设计问题提供参考.      

轴对称推力矢量喷管运动奇异性分析

通过建立轴对称推力矢量喷管(AVEN)的构型分岔方程,运用连续同伦方法,研究了AVEN装置驱动机构和扩张调节片导引机构的构型分岔特性,发现,无论推力矢量喷管是否发生偏转,当以喷口面积作为分岔参数时,AVEN装置都存在转向点奇异位置;当以矢量偏转角为分岔参数时,AVEN装置不存在奇异位置。当AVEN装置处于非矢量状态时,扩张调节片导引机构处于多重奇异位置状态。转向点奇异位置和扩张调节片导引机构多重奇异位置,将导致AVEN装置的运动输出具有不确定性,影响含AVEN装置飞机的空中飞行安全。      

航空发动机滑油综合监控中的磨损故障融合诊断研究

单一的滑油光谱监控手段容易漏报航空发动机磨损故障.根据滑油光谱监控和自动磨粒检测互补的特点,在某型航空发动机上实施滑油综合监控,应用Dempster-Shafer(D-S)证据理论实现发动机磨损故障的融合诊断,并开发出基于上述监控方法和信息融合诊断的滑油监控专家系统.通过对实际诊断案例进行分析,结果表明:提出的滑油综合监控和融合诊断方法可有效解决该型发动机轴承故障预报的难题.      

镍基单晶合金蠕变研究:试验、机理及材料模型

在镍基单晶合金高温蠕变建模研究工作的第一部分,通过对DD6镍基单晶合金不同中断时间的高温蠕变试验及透射电镜(TEM)观察,结合单晶合金蠕变机理的研究成果阐明了单晶高温蠕变的机理,并从Orowan方程出发,在晶体塑性理论框架下建立描述晶体滑移系上位错演化规律的方程,发展了以位错密度变化表征镍基单晶高温蠕变的材料模型.该模型考虑了较宽温度与载荷范围内单晶的主要蠕变机理,可较好地建模750～1100℃范围内镍基单晶的各向异性蠕变行为.      

基于支持向量机的航空发动机PID解耦控制

针对航空发动机多变量控制系统中各回路之间存在的耦合现象,提出了一种基于支持向量机(support vector machines,SVM)的航空发动机PID(proportion integration differentiation)解耦控制方法.利用SVM辨识发动机非线性模型,并获得SVM瞬时线性化模型,在线性化模型的基础上完成了PID参数的在线自整定.利用Lyapunov稳定性定理对控制器的收敛性进行了分析.通过对某型航空发动机的仿真,验证了该方法的有效性和可行性.      

爆震管壁面热负荷实验

在一台内径61 mm、长度1140 mm的气动阀式脉冲爆震发动机(PDE)上,进行了爆震管热负荷的测量计算,主要采用了两种换热模型:一是自然对流和热辐射模型;二是强迫对流模型.在两种方式下,爆震管的热负荷随频率的变化关系基本相同,即随频率升高而热负荷增大,但频率增加两倍热负荷增加却不止两倍.此外,在方式二的情况下,还得到煤油蒸发率随频率的变化关系,为PDE蒸发器设计提供参考.      

离心式同向双旋流器空气雾化喷嘴雾化特性研究

对一种组合式的离心式同向双旋流器空气雾化喷嘴喷雾特性进行研究.双旋流器采用旋向相同的径向开孔式设计,在常温常压下试验,研究不同空气压力降和喷嘴供油压力工况下液雾的索太尔平均直径及分布指数.试验中以航空煤油为介质测试其雾化性能,采用马尔文激光测雾仪测量喷嘴下游50 mm处的液雾分布.结果表明:随着空气压力降和喷嘴供油压力的增大,索太尔平均直径减小,分布指数增大,推导了在空气压力降Δp/p＞3%和Δp/p＜3%两种工况下索太尔平均直径计算模型.      

Orbital phase spectroscopy of four high mass X-ray binary pulsars to study the stellar wind of the companion

Our work focuses on a comprehensive orbital phase-dependent spectroscopy of the four High Mass X-ray Binary Pulsars (HMXBPs) 4U 1538-52, GX 301-2, OAO 1657-415 and Vela X-1. We hereby report the measurements of the variation of the absorption column density and iron-line flux along with other spectral parameters over the binary orbit for the above-mentioned HMXBPs in elliptical orbits, as observed with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) and the BeppoSAX satellites. A spherically symmetric wind profile was used as a model to compare the observed column density variations. Out of the four pulsars, only in 4U 1538-52, we find the model having a reasonable corroboration with the observations, whereas in the remaining three the stellar wind seems to be clumpy and a smooth symmetric stellar wind model appears to be quite inadequate in explaining the data. Moreover, in GX 301-2, neither the presence of a disk nor a gas stream from the companion was validated. Furthermore, the spectral results obtained in the case of OAO 1657-415 and Vela X-1 were more or less similar to that of GX 301-2.     

Tomographic reconstruction of the ionospheric electron density as a function of space and time

Electron density distribution is the major determining parameter of the ionosphere. Computerized Ionospheric Tomography (CIT) is a method to reconstruct ionospheric electron density image by computing Total Electron Content (TEC) values from the recorded Global Positioning Satellite System (GPS) signals. Due to the multi-scale variability of the ionosphere and inherent biases and errors in the computation of TEC, CIT constitutes an underdetermined ill-posed inverse problem. In this study, a novel Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) based CIT reconstruction technique is proposed for the imaging of electron density in both space (latitude, longitude, altitude) and time. The underlying model is obtained from International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) and the necessary measurements are obtained from earth based and satellite based GPS recordings. Based on the IRI-2007 model, a basis is formed by SVD for the required location and the time of interest. Selecting the first few basis vectors corresponding to the most significant singular values, the 3-D CIT is formulated as a weighted least squares estimation problem of the basis coefficients. By providing significant regularization to the tomographic inversion problem with limited projections, the proposed technique provides robust and reliable 3-D reconstructions of ionospheric electron density.