天地环境差异对航天器设备安装精度影响分析

文章分析了地面重力环境和在轨内压环境对不同位置和状态下的载人航天器陀螺组件及姿轨控敏感器设备安装精度的影响,并进行了试验验证,分析结果与试验数据一致性较好。研究结果显示:设备布局位置不同,其安装精度受环境差异的影响程度也不同;航天器在空载、垂直停放状态下,设备安装精度受地面重力环境影响较小;陀螺组件和姿轨控敏感器A的安装精度受在轨内压环境影响较小,在地面常压环境下的精测结果能够真实反映其在轨状态,而姿轨控敏感器B的安装精度受压力环境影响明显。以上结果可为航天器设备布局及精度测量工作提供借鉴。     

Approximate Maximum Likelihood Algorithm for Moving Source Localization Using TDOA and FDOA Measurements

 A closed-form approximate maximum likelihood (AML) algorithm for estimating the position and velocity of a moving source is proposed by utilizing the time difference of arrival (TDOA) and frequency difference of arrival (FDOA) measurements of a signal received at a number of receivers. The maximum likelihood (ML) technique is a powerful tool to solve this problem. But a direct approach that uses the ML estimator to solve the localization problem is exhaustive search in the solution space, and it is very computationally expensive, and prohibits real-time processing. On the basis of ML function, a closed-form approximate solution to the ML equations can be obtained, which can allow real-time implementation as well as global convergence. Simulation results show that the proposed estimator achieves better performance than the two-step weighted least squares (WLS) approach, which makes it possible to attain the Cram閞-Rao lower bound (CRLB) at a sufficiently high noise level before the threshold effect occurs.