核热火箭发动机系统循环方案分析与设计

核热火箭发动机是未来实现载人火星探测的首选动力方案,其具备高比冲、大推力和长工作寿命等优点。我国在此方面研究较少,亟需开展核热推进技术理论及方法的研究。核热火箭发动机系统循环分析与设计是关键问题之一,对推进系统总体设计有重要意义。分析了3种可用于核热火箭发动机系统循环的方案特点,基于闭式膨胀循环设计了比冲为910 s ...     

中子星性质的模型依赖性

采用相对论平均场理论（RMFT）下的GL85,GL92,TM1和TM2等核物质参数组,研究了这些参数组对中子星的粒子数密度分布、状态方程及质量-半径关系的影响.结果表明,在不同的参数组下,超子出现的密度、顺序和种类均不同;状态方程的软硬情况也较大不同;中子星的引力质量和相应的半径有明显不同.计算结果也表明,采用GL85,TM1和TM2等参数组得到的中子星质量和半径均在脉冲星的观测数据范围内,而采用GL92参数组得到的中子星质量小于中子星质量下限1.4M⊙（M⊙=1.99×1030kg为太阳质量）.     

聚氨酯预聚体合成反应动力学模型的建立及应用

提出了一种测试聚氨酸预聚体合成中氨酯化反应和支化反应的反应动力学参数的理论模型，并对甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）与乙二醇（EG）的预聚反应进行了研究，结果表明：通过^13CNMR测出的支化概率值跟从理论模型中获得的支化概率值基本吻合。     

Self-acceleration of nuclear flames in supernovae

The speed of the laminar flame in a degenerate carbon-oxygen white dwarf is too slow to produce a Type I supernova. We draw attention to the role of the Landau instability in wrinkling the flame front. This roughening of the front surface can cause an appreciable enhancement in the flame velocity. For typical presupernova conditions the density jump across the front is small. This implies the applicability of the potential approximation for describing the flow pattern and allows derivation of the Frankel equation for flame propagation. We report the results of our numerical experiments with this equation in a highly nonlinear regime. These calculations, coupled with analytic approximations allow us to determine the dependence of the fractal dimension of the front surface on the density jump across the front. Astrophysical implications of our results are discussed.     

空间热离子能量转换技术发展综述

空间核反应堆电源是未来空间任务大功率、长寿命能源需求的有力保障,热离子能量转换技术是空间热离子反应堆电源的关键技术之一。概述了空间热离子反应堆电源的总体构造及工作原理,从热离子能量转换的原理、热离子发电元件的类型及其特点、电极材料、试验装置等方面综述了热离子转换技术的发展现状、存在的问题及发展趋势。     

空间核反应堆电源技术概览

空间核反应堆电源具有环境适应性好、功率覆盖范围广、结构紧凑以及大功率条件下质量功率比小等突出优点,在军民航天任务中具有广阔的应用前景,是改变未来航天动力格局的颠覆性技术之一。对空间核反应堆电源的原理、特点、适用范围、应用前景、历史发展情况及现状、典型方案、应用安全等进行了系统介绍,对技术发展趋势进行了分析总结,并就我国该技术发展给出一些见解。     

核火箭原理、发展及应用

人类在不懈地对浩瀚的宇宙进行着探索,而强劲的推力是人类探索宇宙的关键。化学火箭在人类宇宙探索活动中书写了一页又一页的华丽篇章,现今在人类新的探索使命下,出现了激光、太阳能、微波、核热能等新的推进技术。在这些技术中,核火箭推进无疑是人类继续探索太空最有希望的技术之一。对核火箭的原理、发展状况以及应用前景进行了介绍。     

基于粒子群算法的核屏蔽感应电机多目标优化设计

屏蔽感应电机是核反应堆冷却回路的动力源,提高该电机的效率和降低电磁噪声具有重要的意义。将有限元法和磁路法相结合,设计了1台20 kW核屏蔽感应电机。利用有限元软件对其进行额定工况运行状态下噪声和损耗仿真分析,确定影响电机效率和电磁噪声的主要参数;选取影响电机效率和噪声的主要参数为优化变量,电机电磁噪声和效率为优化目标,输出功率为约束条件;采用正交试验表获得样本空间;通过响应面法建立优化目标及约束条件的优化模型,最后利用粒子群算法对优化模型进行求解。有限元仿真结果表明:优化后电机效率提高了2.6%,电磁噪声降低了5.2 dB。     

Depth dependency of neutron density produced by cosmic rays in the lunar subsurface

Depth dependency of neutrons produced by cosmic rays (CRs) in the lunar subsurface was estimated using the three-dimensional Monte Carlo particle and heavy ion transport simulation code, PHITS, incorporating the latest high energy nuclear data, JENDL/HE-2007. The PHITS simulations of equilibrium neutron density profiles in the lunar subsurface were compared with the measurement by Apollo 17 Lunar Neutron Probe Experiment (LNPE). Our calculations reproduced the LNPE data except for the 350–400 mg/cm² region under the improved condition using the CR spectra model based on the latest observations, well-tested nuclear interaction models with systematic cross section data, and JENDL/HE-2007.     

T cell regulation in microgravity – The current knowledge from in vitro experiments conducted in space,parabolic flights and ground-based facilities

Dating back to the Apollo and Skylab missions, it has been reported that astronauts suffered from bacterial and viral infections during space flight or after returning to Earth. Blood analyses revealed strongly reduced capability of human lymphocytes to become active upon mitogenic stimulation. Since then, a large number of in vitro studies on human immune cells have been conducted in space, in parabolic flights, and in ground-based facilities. It became obvious that microgravity affects cell morphology and important cellular functions. Observed changes include cell proliferation, the cytoskeleton, signal transduction and gene expression. This review gives an overview of the current knowledge of T cell regulation under altered gravity conditions obtained by in vitro studies with special emphasis on the cell culture conditions used. We propose that future in vitro experiments should follow rigorous standardized cell culture conditions, which allows better comparison of the results obtained in different flight- and ground-based experiment platforms.