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151.
《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2023,71(1):1-15
The site selection and certification processes for planetary landers equipped with hazard avoidance capability are reviewed. The prior (large-scale) ‘landability’ of the target areas determined from orbital remote sensing can be only a few tens of per cent (~40 % for Perseverance, ~80–90 % for Apollo 11 and 60–70 % for subsequent Apollo landers) because on-board sensing is able to find safe areas at smaller scales (meters to tens of meters) than the delivery ellipse which may be several to several tens of kilometers across. This contrasts with the ‘blind’ landings of unguided missions, where safe terrain occupying 95–99 % of the landing ellipse are typically sought. The particulars of Apollo 11 and Perseverance/Ingenuity are discussed, together with the similar Chang-E-3 and Tianwen-1 Moon and Mars landers, and the Hayabusa-2 and OSIRIS-REx asteroid contacts, since these missions all used on-board terrain-relative navigation to steer relative to hazards either mapped previously or detected in real-time. These missions set the context for the application of these techniques to the Dragonfly mission to Titan, which has a more austere remote sensing basis on which to select a landing site, but whose rotor propulsion allows substantial divert capability. 相似文献
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A.S. Laxmiprasad V.L.N. Sridhar Raja Surya Menon Adwaita Goswami M.V.H. Rao K.A. Lohar 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2013
A miniaturized in situ laser induced breakdown spectroscope-LIBS is one of the two lunar rover payloads to be flown in India’s next lunar mission Chandrayaan-2, with an objective to carry-out a precise qualitative and quantitative elemental analyses of lunar regolith at the proximity of the landing region. As per the imposed mission constraints and the executed design optimization studies, a compact and light-weight LIBS prototype model is developed at our premises. This paper mainly concerns with the estimation of theoretical aspects; especially on evaluation of elemental ablation parameters and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) calculations for the designed instrument. Theoretical estimations and simulations yielded an incident laser power density of the order of 5 × 1010 W/cm2 on the target surface at a defined lens-to-surface distance (LTSD) of 200 mm and revealed an SNR > 100 for most of the elements under consideration. This paper also addresses the impact of LTSD variation on detection capability. The estimation of plasma-temperatures was carried out utilizing the emission spectra obtained under high vacuum environments employing the LIBS laboratory model. Experimental investigations and the performed theoretical estimations asserted the successful operation of the configured LIBS instrument for in situ elemental analyses on lunar surface. 相似文献
156.
D. Sanz A. Barrientos M. Garzón C. Rossi M. Mura D. Puccinelli A. Puiatti M. Graziano A. Medina L. Mollinedo C. de Negueruela 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2013
Planetary surface exploration is an appealing application of wireless sensor networks that has been investigated in recent years by the space community, including the European Space Agency. The idea is to deploy a number of self-organizing sensor nodes forming a wireless networked architecture to provide a distributed instrument for the study and exploration of a planetary body. To explore this concept, ESA has funded the research project RF Wireless for Planetary Exploration (RF-WIPE), carried out by GMV, SUPSI and UPM. The purpose of RF-WIPE was to simulate and prototype a wireless sensor network in order to assess the potential and limitations of the technology for the purposes of planetary exploration. 相似文献
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气囊着陆缓冲系统的冲击动力学多目标优化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
文章以数值仿真为手段,研究了气囊缓冲登陆系统的冲击动力学多目标优化问题。首先,以类似于"猎兔犬"着陆缓冲系统为对象,确立了以囊内初始气压与收缩绳刚度为设计变量,以缓冲系统的首次冲击最大过载和囊体织物最大应力为目标函数的多目标优化问题。随后基于D最优试验设计,采用移动最小二乘(Moving Least Square,MLS)构建了各个目标函数的代理模型,并对目标函数随设计变量的变化规律进行了探讨。最后,采用遗传算法完成了缓冲系统的冲击性能优化,并给出设计空间中关于最大过载与织物最大应力的Pareto前沿。研究结果表明,MLS模型优化算法十分适用于解决非线性程度较高的冲击动力学优化问题,并且在替代真实模型仿真计算时不仅具有较高的近似精度而且具有高速的分析效率。 相似文献
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从月球逃逸探测小行星的发射机会搜索因需考虑日、地、月引力的影响而使问题变得复杂。针对该多体系统的发射机会搜索问题,提出了一种分层渐近的搜索方法。该方法首先通过分析地月系质心与小行星的几何关系,搜索从地月系质心到小行星的发射机会,进而以地月运动为研究对象,推导出了从月球轨道切向逃逸机会的判别条件,并基于此判别条件及等高线图法对逃逸机会进行了搜索。同时,为提高所得发射机会在多体模型下的轨道修正收敛性,给出了基于月心逃逸轨道参数为终端约束的日-地与日-地-月动力学模型的轨道渐近修正方法。最后,以近地小行星(3908)Nyx和(190491)2000 FJ20为例,搜索其从月球逃逸的发射机会,仿真计算表明了该方法的有效性。 相似文献