天基逆合成孔径激光雷达高灵敏度接收技术

逆合成孔径激光雷达(ISAL)是一种主动式成像雷达,是合成孔径技术和激光雷达技术相结合的产物,具有极高的成像分辨率。由于无大气干扰,因此天基成像的环境十分有利于ISAL系统的部署,然而探测灵敏度不够,难以实现远距离探测的问题极大地制约了天基ISAL系统的应用。针对这一难点,提出使用高灵敏度相干平衡探测实现ISAL的空间远距离探测,计算了ISAL平衡探测的信噪比。在此基础上,提出了一种基于频率上转换的高灵敏度平衡探测接收方法,即信号光和本振光先经过频率上转换,再进行平衡探测,并实验验证了该方法的可行性。     

空间主动光电遥感现状及发展

空间主动光电遥感技术在空间对地观测和深空探测等领域具有广阔的应用前景,探测对象包括地球和地外天体三维地形、地球植被垂直分布、大气气溶胶与云的垂直分布、大气温湿廓线、大气风廓线和特殊气体浓度等。为系统梳理空间主动光电遥感技术,综合分析了国内外空间主动光电高程探测载荷和大气垂直廓线探测载荷的发展历史和现状,提出了未来我国在多波束单光子三维地形探测、高光谱分辨率激光大气探测、差分吸收激光大气探测、激光掩星大气探测和激光海洋探测领域开展更深入研究的建议。     

A review on the upper atmospheric sodium observations from India: Insights

This review article briefly brings out the historical development of atmospheric sodium (Na) measurements over India and the importance of coordinated measurements with multiple techniques to address physical processes in the Earth's upper atmosphere. These measurements were initiated in the early 1970s by observing Na airglow emission intensities with broad band airglow photometer from Mt. Abu, a low-latitude hill station in India. Considerable amount of night-to-night variations in nocturnal emission intensities of the Na airglow were observed. Later, investigations regarding the dependence with the magnetic activities from the equatorial and low latitudes were carried out and double-humped structures in the nocturnal variation of intensities were reported. With the advent of Na lidar at Gadanki around 2005, the measurements of atmospheric neutral Na atom concentration became possible and more frequent occurrences of sporadic Na layers over the magnetic low latitude station compared to other latitudes were detected indicating the role played by electrodynamics. Later, a possible relationship between E-region field aligned plasma irregularities and the concentration of neutral Na atoms was investigated using coordinated measurements of VHF radar and Na lidar. Further, simultaneous measurements with Na lidar and a narrow band airglow photometer with narrow field of view brought out the importance of coordinated observation wherein the characterization of gravity waves could be carried out and also revealed the importance of collisional quenching due to ambient molecules in the Na airglow emission processes. In addition, combining the ground based measurements of Na lidar and meteor wind radar along with satellite measurements made possible to hypothesize the over-turning Kelvin–Helmholtz billow in the Na layer manifests “C-type” or inverted lambda shape structures in the height-time-concentration map of neutral Na atoms. This review paper presents a synoptic view mostly based on the previously reported observations of Na airglow emission, Na lidar and coordinated Na airglow and Na lidar observations from the Indian sector and highlights the importance of simultaneous measurements of mesospheric Na and its emissions along with satellite-borne measurements to address interesting geophysical processes in the Earth's upper atmosphere.     

单光子激光雷达数据去噪与滤波算法

单光子激光雷达获取的点云数据存在大量噪声,这给数据的处理带来了挑战。基于局部距离统计提出了改进的点云去噪算法,对单光子激光雷达点云原始数据进行去噪。然后基于统计分析方法改进了点云滤波算法,对去噪后的点云数据进行滤波处理。利用新提出的算法与传统算法去噪和滤波后得到的点云进行比较,并与传统激光雷达的数字地形模型(DTM)数据进行对比。计算得到MABEL地面点云相对于传统激光雷达高程的均方根误差RMSE为2.98m,相关系数R^2为0.9938。进一步对地面点云插值得到剖面数字高程模型(DEM)数据,其相对于传统激光雷达高程的均方根误差RMSE为2.85m,相关系数R^2为0.9931。实验结果显示,提出的单光子激光雷达点云去噪和滤波算法优于传统算法,与传统激光雷达DTM数据具有较好的相关性,能够精确的恢复地形信息。     

星载激光雷达森林探测进展及趋势

森林是陆地上组成结构最复杂的生态系统,星载激光雷达兼具高垂直分辨率的优势和大范围数据获取的特点,在大区域尺度的森林参数定量反演方面具有独特的优势。从全波形激光雷达、光子计数激光雷达、成像激光雷达的技术特点、数据处理和森林参数提取等方面,总结了国内外森林探测激光雷达卫星载荷的发展、参数设置及应用潜力,以服务我国星载激光雷达森林探测系统的建设和发展。结合激光雷达辐射传输模型,探讨适合森林探测的激光雷达传感器参数方案,并以ICESat卫星的地球科学测高系统(GLAS)和先进地形激光测高系统(ATLAS) 数据为例,探讨星载激光雷达的森林参数反演方法,最后总结梳理了现有星载载荷的优劣并给出后续载荷发展的建议。     

无人直升机目标定位系统设计

为了提高无人直升机在自主飞行作业时的精确性,本文设计了一套获取无人直升机相对于任务目标飞行状态的测量系统。该系统采用机载激光雷达对无人直升机周围环境进行扫描建模,使用STM32作为微控制器设计硬件电路实现系统功能。提出一种针对性算法,对扫描范围内的环境数据进行处理与分析并解算出飞行状态。此外,还使用Labview进行上位机软件的开发,可以实时显示该系统测量得到的状态结果。实际测试结果表明,该系统可以准确获取无人直升机相对于任务目标的距离和方位角。     

A comprehensive study on middle atmospheric thermal structure over a tropic and sub-tropic stations

The general characteristics of middle atmospheric thermal structure have been studied by making use of the Rayleigh lidar data collected over the period of about four years (1998–2001). Here, the data has been used from two different stations in the Indian sub-continent in tropics (Gadanki; 13.5°N, 79.2°E) and in sub-tropics (Mt. Abu; 24.5°N, 72.7°E). The observed monthly mean temperature profiles are compared with different model atmospheres (CIRA-86 and MSISE-90). We observed, the mean temperature profiles have closer agreement with MSISE-90 than CIRA-86. The temperature profiles measured by lidar and HALOE satellite overpass nearby lidar site are generally in agreement with each other. The systematic and statistical errors in deriving temperature are found to be uniform for both the stations, as 1 K at 50 km, 3 K at 60 km and 10 K at 70 km. The special features of mesospheric temperature inversion (MTI) and double stratopause structure (DBS) are also addressed for both the stations.     

量子成像关键技术及研究进展

量子成像从1995年利用纠缠光源实现至今已有20多年的历史.目前,量子成像已经与压缩感知传感、激光雷达、结构光照明等各个领域形成了多学科交叉.本文回顾了量子成像技术的发展历程,列出了量子成像的关键技术及研究进展,展望了量子成像技术的发展趋势.     

基于先验子图检测的失效航天器SLAM方法

基于激光雷达的航天器位姿估计技术是当前在轨服务研究热点。针对失效航天器位姿估计,将通用的图优化SLAM技术应用到空间非合作目标的研究中。为解决SLAM算法在动态场景中产生累积误差问题,利用失效航天器自身运动特点,提出一种基于先验子图检测改进的SLAM算法。在该算法中,通过激光雷达和惯性测量单元分别采集失效航天器及周围环境的点云数据、服务航天器的运动信息,构建出服务场景下航天器的相对位姿图;再采用先验子图检测方法建立不连续的位姿节点间的约束关系;最后用约束信息对位姿图进行优化。仿真结果表明,相较于通用的SLAM算法的位姿估计,该方法减小了累积误差,提高了相对位姿估计精度,可以为后期的导航、控制等在轨任务提供信息。     

Simultaneous lidar observation of peculiar sporadic K and Na layers at São José dos Campos (23.1°S, 45.9°W), Brazil

We present the first simultaneous observation of mesopause sodium (Na) and potassium (K) layer by a lidar which has Na and K channel simultaneously at the South Hemisphere site, São José dos Campos (23.1°S, 45.9°W). Measurements reported here were conducted on two nights with 3.5 and 8?h of observations in November 2016. On 20 November 2016, sporadic layers in both Na and K layer occurred above 100?km, and the higher layers corresponded well with sporadic E (Es) layer. And the density of Na at 100–105?km is higher than that at main layer around 90?km, but K density around 100?km is at least 3 times smaller compared with the K density around 90?km for the similar period. On 21 November 2016, both sporadic layers occurred in main layer height with obvious descending variations with time, which seems like tidal induced. Notably, the peak K/Na ratio slowly increased with time. And Na layer and K layer showed different processes along with time with K density reaching its maximum 1?h later than that of Na. Correlations of Na/K density, Es, and winds were also discussed.