Verb Semantics Affects the Interpretation of Spatial Prepositions

Abstract

Spatial prepositions, more specifically projective prepositions, such as in front of or behind can be interpreted in different ways. Their interpretation depends on the spatial perspective taken as the basis for determining the reference frame's orientation. In 3 series of placement experiments with German speakers, we examined whether the interpretation of projective prepositions in a motion context is affected by the verb used in a spatial instruction. Results suggest that verb semantics is a factor accounting for previously observed seemingly social-situational differences in the interpretation of projective prepositions. Specifically, the findings indicate that, relative to a car as reference object, the semantic aspect of motion interruption associated with some verbs leads to a higher proportion of deictic interpretations determined by the direction from which one is approaching the car. This verb effect on the interpretation of spatial prepositions can be explained by an activation of the temporal dimension through stop-implying verbs, which is integrated into the spatial situation model of the perceived dynamic scene making the deictic frame of reference more compatible. The experimental evidence also shows that verb semantics can account for previously unexplained cross-linguistic differences, and is related to patterns concerning the prepositional inventory of languages.     

大型运输机横航向飞行品质要求探讨

首先依据国内外一些现代大型运输机的试飞结果、地面模拟试验数据及仿真计算数据,探讨了GJB185对大型运输机横航向飞行品质要求的合理性;其次从理论公式出发,分析了影响品质指标的主要因素;最后根据大型运输机的特点,对部分飞行品质指标提出了一些建议。     

X型热线探头的方向系数及其对湍流测量的影响

热线的方向系数对湍流测量精度很大的影响。对于Ｘ型探头，热线的方向系语在校准曲线里，这给热线校准带来一定的困难。本文提出一种同时求出Ｘ探头的热线方向系数和校准曲线的逐步逼近法，并测得两根热线的方向系数为０．３０７和０．２５８，此值单针探头的方向系数不同，在三角形钝体尾流的测量中，本文还评估了方向系数对雷诺应力测量值的影响。实验表明，如果不考虑方向系数，最大误差可达１０％。     

三角形电极离子阱单向出射及高阶场影响的理论模拟研究

为了扩展离子阱质谱仪在航天领域中的应用范围，本文利用模拟研究方式来提高三角形电极线性离子阱（Triangular-electric linear ion trap，TeLIT）的离子检测效率。本文利用模拟软件SIMION和AXSIM进行理论模拟，采用施加不对称射频电压的方式，研究TeLIT离子单向出射，并通过改变电极角度α来探究高阶电场成分对离子单向出射性能的影响。实验结果表明：当α取目前报道的最优参数140°时，在射频电压差Δ=20%处，获得的离子单向出射率可达89.5%。而当α=135°时，获得的最高离子单向出射效率接近95%，优于TeLIT最优参数α=140°时的出射率。此外，本文还讨论了不同α情况下，获得最高出射效率时，模拟质谱峰的质量分辨率，结果表明扫描速率约为1 500 Th/s时，α=135°时获得的质量分辨率可达2 500。     

基于方向调制的无线安全传输基本原理、关键技术与未来展望

方向调制(Directional modulation,DM)作为无线物理层安全传输的关键技术能够很好地提升系统的安全性能。然而,由于在角度测量过程中存在误差,因此需要在设计有用信号波束成形向量和人工噪声(Artificial noise,AN)投影矩阵时考虑角度误差,从而提升系统安全性能。本文首先描述了DM系统模型,然后介绍了到达角(Direction of arrival,DOA)估计技术、稳健波束成形设计的3种算法及功率分配技术。仿真表明:稳健波束成形合成方法的性能明显要优于非稳健合成方法,且有用信号和AN之间最优功率分配能明显提高安全速率性能。最后,对DM未来新的发展方向与所面临的挑战性等开放问题进行展望与总结。     

单模光纤耦合器的传输光谱温度特性

在温变条件下,对光纤光源发出光波经单模光纤耦合器传输后的输出光谱进行了测试.借助测试结果,仿真计算了耦合器的透射光波和耦合光波分别进入Sagnac干涉仪后干涉仪输出信号的误差随温度的变化情况.结果表明:当环境温度发生变化时,耦合器透射光波和耦合光波的平均波长和功率都会发生变化,且透射光波的平均波长和功率的温度稳定性远远高于耦合光波的稳定性;当透射光波作为干涉仪输入光波时,由温变引起的干涉仪输出误差比耦合光波作为输入光波时的误差小一个数量级.     

基于速度方向可操作度的机器蛙机构参数优化

以速度方向可操作度作为跳跃性能的评价指标,从机构设计角度寻求改善仿蛙跳跃机器人跳跃性能的方法.在仿蛙跳跃机器人机构模型的基础上,建立了起跳阶段的运动学方程,得到机器人从关节空间到质心运动空间的速度映射关系,结合速度方向可操作度,利用优化算法对仿蛙跳跃机器人的机构参数进行优化,使机器人的跳跃性能达到最佳.优化结果表明,运用速度方向可操作度理论,对跳跃机器人机构参数进行优化研究是有效可行的.     

Primary Solidification Phase and Lamellar Orientation in Directionally Solidified Ti-45Al-7Nb Alloy

Primary solidification phase and lamellar orientation are investigated in Ti-45Al-7Nb alloy at very high ratio of temperature gradient to growth rate (G/v) by a liquid-metal-cooled directionally solidified method. It shows that Ti-45Al-7Nb alloy solidifies with primary α phase. Longitudinal (parallel to growth direction) microstructure shows that α dendrites in solid-liquid mushy zone are discontinuous and transverse microstructure of α dendrites is worm-like feature. Growth direction of α phase is about 80° away from〈0001〉α direction, and close to〈1120〉α direction. The corresponding lamellar orientation is aligned at the angle of about 10° to growth direction, which is consistent with α-dendrite growth direction according to Blackburn orientation relationship. Therefore, due to the altered growth direction of α phase, the lamellar orientation in Ti-45Al-7Nb alloy is controlled at the G/v ratio of 5×109 K·sm-2.     

大功率脉冲条件下DUT匹配特性测量

介绍了反射计测量原理,提出了一种构造非对称性双定向耦合器、实现大功率脉冲条件下DUT匹配特性测量的解决方案,指出了此方法的优点,并分析与评定了反射系数测量结果的不确定度。     

高温条件下DZ125缺口疲劳性能试验

研究了定向凝固合金DZ125 U型平板缺口试样在850℃下的缺口疲劳行为,进行了理论应力集中因子分别为1.91,3.01和4.35下的疲劳试验,原位观察了疲劳裂纹的萌生位置和扩展方向,并进行了疲劳寿命分析和裂纹萌生与扩展分析.结果表明:理论应力集中因子关联缺口疲劳寿命.随着名义应力的增加,缺口疲劳寿命对理论应力集中因子更敏感,而在低应力范围内,正好相反.通过原位观测技术,试验中还发现缺口疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展并没有在最大轴向应力的缺口根部,而是缺口附近最大主应力位置.