密闭舱室中微生物防控实践

随着人类对外太空认知的增加和探索的深入，星球之间的交叉感染问题引起了越来越多的关注。行星保护已成为航天开发领域的一个重要的关注热点。本文对生物再生生命保障地基综合试验系统"月宫一号"105天有人密闭舱室中的微生物污染问题作了实验研究。实验获取的空气微生物演替规律可为今后密闭BLSS实验中建立更有针对性的微生物防控措施提供依据，并为解决密闭舱室微生物污染问题提供重要经验。     

小推力发动机高空羽流场数值模拟

以小推力发动机的高空羽流场为研究对象，完成了氮气流的DSMC方法数值模拟研究，对计算的可靠性进行了实验对比验证，分析了高空羽流场特性及高空稀薄流动的非平衡效应。结果表明，用DSMC方法与加密网格技术结合可有效模拟高空羽流场，且必须计及气体非平衡效应。皮托压力的数值结果与实验符合得很好。     

空间材料放气污染特性研究技术

文章阐述了空间材料放气污染对航天器的影响,并介绍了建立的放气污染特性研究装置和E595材料筛选标准装置,它可用于多种放气污染特性的研究,文章还给出了应用实例.     

卫星热真空试验微波开关分子污染防护研究

某型号系列卫星在整星热真空试验中,微波开关因分子污染出现了输出功率下降的异常现象。文章对污染物成分与真空状态运动机理进行了分析,提出了阻断污染物分子传输途径的主动防护措施和阻止污染分子冷凝的被动防护措施,并通过某卫星热真空试验进行了验证。试验结果表明,防护措施有效地减少了进入开关内部的污染量,确保了开关在整个热试验过程...     

航天光学系统的污染控制技术

文章介绍了国外航天光学系统的污染控制方法,研究了航天光学系统的污染效应和航天用非金属材料放气污染引起的光学透射率的变化。针对航天光学系统对污染高度敏感的特点,探讨了航天器研制全过程针对航天光学系统的污染控制措施。     

分子污染光学效应试验研究

卫星有机材料放气产生的分子污染是卫星在轨污染的重要来源。分子污染会造成敏感表面光学性能退化甚至失效,因此必须进行评估分析。文章对在卫星真空热试验中,采用光学试片进行污染光学效应测试的数据进行了分析,并且与国内外试验数据进行了比对,发现光学试片测得的透过率损失数据较为保守,分析原因是光学试片污染沉积为液滴状,导致散射损失较大。     

国外空间站外部污染控制体系简介

国外从20世纪80年代起就开展了对空间站外部污染及其控制措施的研究,已在总体设计、地面验证、加工制造、在轨验证等方面形成了较为成熟和完备的污染控制体系。为了借鉴他国的成功经验,服务于我国空间站建设,文章从污染分类、污染影响、污染分析、污染控制要求、污染控制措施、污染验证等方面对国外空间站外部污染控制体系进行了介绍,并对我国的空间站外部污染研究提出了建议。     

红蓝光敏探测器空间环境效应探测数据分析

红蓝光敏太阳电池空间环境效应探测器利用镓铟磷和三结砷化镓太阳电池来探测空间污染、原子氧和辐射环境及效应,搭载在中国空间技术研究院自主研制的“新技术验证一号”卫星上。文章通过分析红蓝光敏探测器在轨1年时间的探测数据,得到如下结论：红蓝光敏探测器污染电池板功率下降2.7%,等效污染累积增加量2.23×10^-5 g/cm^2,日均6×10^-8 g/cm^2;原子氧探测器在轨道高度499.226 km运行11个月,原子氧积分通量探测数据为9.7×10^20 AO/cm^2;辐射效应探测器（三结砷化镓太阳电池）在轨1年后累计接受辐射剂量（等效1 MeV电子注量）5.49×10^11 e/cm^2。     

Planetary protection issues of private endeavours in research,exploration, and human access to space: An environmental economics approach to forward contamination

In light of the rapidly growing New Space Economy, the landscape of space exploration and development activities will certainly become much more complicated year by year. Relevant commercial space actors have already emerged, pushing the boundaries of entrepreneurial space ventures beyond the Earth-oriented upstream and downstream market segments and opening up the path towards the novel segments of space exploration, space resources utilization, and space research. Planetary protection is usually defined as a set of guidelines concerning the avoidance of bidirectional biological material exchange between the Earth and other celestial bodies. Recent success stories of established and new-entrant NewSpace actors, although posing no realistic planetary protection threat at present, clearly indicate that serious work needs to be done in order for the relevant guidelines to keep up with the rapid advances of the technology development cycles that occur within NewSpace companies. This need may become even more urgent, as space entrepreneurs acquire and develop the resources and competencies to target the currently underserved market segments of space research, exploration, and utilization. As of now, these capabilities were maintained solely by public space agencies; thus, all planetary protection priorities, strategies, and responsibilities were discussed, agreed-upon, and delegated for implementation among national and international working groups of public stakeholders. Although top-down regulations can be effective in controlling the quality and conformity of the deliverables of private subcontractors to public contractors, international planetary protection frameworks might need to evolve even beyond such unmet public-private interaction and partnership models. For this reason, this study did not focus on the legal and political issues of mandating NewSpace actors to adhere to planetary protection guidelines; rather, drawing from the field of sustainable development on Earth, an environmental economics approach was followed, with the goal of viewing the relationship between planetary protection and private space exploration and development as another “tragedy of the commons” problem that must be settled accordingly. After the problem’s framing, i.e. the conceptual presentation and synthesis of four extraterrestrial non-excludable goods, the initial approach of their total economic value, and the negative externalities of their exploitation, a discussion of the forward contamination mitigation costs was conducted. Drawing from the literature and using examples from both the terrestrial and aerospace sectors, a pre-emptive move was suggested: the establishment of a global industry consortium for the pre-competitive collaboration in forward contamination mitigation technologies, centered on an international planetary protection analogue program and its respective testbed facility.     

机场条件对民机起飞性能影响规律初探

为了研究机场海拔、温度及跑道污染对大型民航运输机起飞性能的影响规律,采用理论分析结合模型计算的方法,回归统计出机场条件对起飞场长的影响规律。首先,介绍并分析了起飞性能的影响要素(机场高度、温度、跑道条件、发动机推力、增升装置)及其影响关系;其次,建立了自动满足适航要求的民机起飞性能计算模型;再次,利用该模型计算不同机场条件下飞机起飞性能;最后,将结果分析归纳总结成图表,为飞机设计及运营人员提供参考。