4D Lattice Flower Constellations

4D Lattice Flower Constellations is a new constellation design framework, based on the previous 2D and 3D Lattice theories of Flower Constellations, that focus on the generation of constellations whose satellites can have different semi-major axis and still present a constellation structure that is maintained during the dynamic of the system. This situation can arise when dealing with satellites with very different instruments, or when it is of interest to coordinate two different constellations. In that sense, 4D Lattice Flower Constellations constitutes the most general representation of the Flower Constellation formulation. In addition, the effects of the $J_2$ perturbation are taken into account in order to generate distributions that maintain their initial design configuration under this perturbation for longer periods of time with a low fuel budget. Finally, examples of application are presented, showing the possibilities in satellite constellation design of this new approach.     

近圆低轨卫星星座相位保持方法

主要研究无轨道高度保持要求的近圆低轨卫星星座相位保持方法.首先根据轨道摄动理论，推导了考虑J2摄动和大气阻尼摄动的卫星相位漂移模型，分别给出基于固定基准星和基于虚拟基准星的相位偏差两种表达方法.在此基础上，按照星座各星轨道衰减一致和不一致两种情况，分别提出两种表示方法理论的和考虑实际控制误差的相位保持策略.通过一个walker星座仿真算例验证了两种方法的有效性.仿真结果显示，两种方法在各星轨道衰减一致和不一致两种情况均可有效完成相位维持任务，当各星轨道衰减一致时两种方法在控制次数和控制总量上无明显差异；在各星轨道衰减不一致情况下，基于固定基准星的相位保持策略更优.     

Orbit Design for Responsive Space Using Multiple-objective Evolutionary Computation

Responsive orbits have exhibited advantages in emergencies for their excellent responsiveness and coverage to targets. Generally, there are several conflicting metrics to trade in the orbit design for responsive space. A special multiple-objective genetic algorithm, namely the Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm Ⅱ (NSGAⅡ), is used to design responsive orbits. This algorithm has considered the conflicting metrics of orbits to achieve the optimal solution, including the orbital elements and launch programs of responsive vehicles. Low-Earth fast access orbits and low-Earth repeat coverage orbits, two subtypes of responsive orbits, can be designed using NSGAⅡ under given metric tradeoffs, number of vehicles, and launch mode. By selecting the optimal solution from the obtained Pareto fronts, a designer can process the metric tradeoffs conveniently in orbit design. Recurring to the flexibility of the algorithm, the NSGAⅡ promotes the responsive orbit design further.      

Earth observation with MEO transmitters and UAS receivers: A potential utilization of Galileo constellation

Remote sensing application of Galileo upcoming constellation in the field of civil security is preliminarily analyzed, defining low resolution (25 m) and high resolution (7.5 m) working modes for a bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar system utilizing Galileo satellites as transmitters and Unmanned Aerial Systems as receivers. Simulations offshore Somali coast and in a South Mediterranean Sea region showed that both low and high resolution acquisitions are feasible. For the low resolution mode a probability of successful image formation no matter the azimuth position of the receiving UAS has been estimated at nearly 100%. Whereas, for the high resolution mode it decreases to about 90%, which, if deemed unsatisfactory for the application, leads to the need for UAS to adapt its route to the actual Galileo satellite coverage.     

导航星座星间链路信号捕获搜索策略研究

针对导航星座星间链路信号动态范围大、捕获性能要求高之间的矛盾,利用星历信息辅助信号捕获。在此基础上,分析了信号捕获串行搜索、码并行搜索和频率并行搜索的计算代价,给出了不同信号体制和星历误差下各搜索策略对应的运算量表达式,并结合典型的应用场景进行了算例分析。分析结果表明星间信号捕获在星历误差较小时采用串行搜索策略具有最少的计算量,在星历误差较大时采用码并行搜索策略计算量最少。     

区域覆盖星座构型优化及协同控制策略研究

针对区域覆盖卫星星座的回归特性和构型维持需求,利用轨道半长轴和倾角与升交点赤经漂移和相位角漂移变化率之间的线性关系来优化星座构型参数,提高卫星星座构型的长期稳定性,同时通过协同控制轨道半长轴和倾角漂移量来实现区域覆盖星座构型维持。最后对区域覆盖天基雷达星座进行了构型优化设计和仿真,仿真结果表明了星座构型优化设计和维持策略的有效性。     

低轨导航增强卫星星座设计

针对目前全球低轨卫星快速发展的现状,对低轨导航增强卫星星座设计方法进行了详细的研究。首先推导了轨道高度与可视球冠的关系,结合太空垃圾分布,从覆盖范围、经济性及碰撞风险几方面联合确定了轨道高度。然后推导了用户仰角与轨道倾角的关系,分析了实现南北极点覆盖的轨道倾角。接着结合铱星星座,推导出单一星座构型无法实现全球范围内均匀的可见星和精度衰减因子（Dilution of Precision,DOP）值分布。最后提出了一种组合低轨卫星星座设计方法。结果表明,该方法设计的组合星座在实现全球覆盖的同时,能够实现可见星数量与DOP值在全球范围内的均匀分布。     

区域观察小卫星星座重构方法研究

在对地观测任务中，经过优化设计的卫星星座通常具有较强的适应能力。但是，当星座中某颗卫星失效或地面需求发生变化时，就需要进行星座重构，以恢复或增强对部分地区的观察能力。提出了小卫星区域观察组网的方法，重点探讨了在应急情况下区域观察小卫星星座的重构问题，研究了节省能量的卫星轨道机动方法，特别提出了保持轨道属性和星座基本构形的预置量机动方法，分析了应急机动星座重构的几种情况，给出了每种情况的星座重构策略。     

基于改进MOPSO算法的区域侦察弹性星座重构方法

针对区域侦察弹性星座重构问题,提出了基于改进多目标粒子群优化算法(multi objective particle swarm optimization,MOPSO)的区域侦察弹性星座重构方法。该方法采用一箭多星发射和在轨卫星相位机动相结合的方式对受损星座重构。首先选取了星座覆盖、重构成本、重构时间和星座弹性四方面的指标;其次对一箭多星发射过程和卫星相位机动过程进行了分析,对失效轨道面内剩余正常卫星采取均匀相位的策略。以恢复原有星座性能为目的,考虑最大重访时间、重构成本、重构时间及弹性,建立了重构时间和重构成本最优的重构优化模型。最后对MOPSO算法进行了改进,提出了基于学习机制的种群更新策略,通过变量转化将离散变量转化为连续变量,解决了重构优化模型中混合变量优化问题。针对某一受损星座进行仿真,重构时间最优的重构方案为发射6颗新卫星结合在轨卫星均匀相位;重构成本最优的重构方案为发射4颗新卫星结合在轨卫星均匀相位。案例表明提出的重构方法有效,可为侦察星座的建设提供参考。     

Flower卫星星座设计方法研究

介绍了一种具有共地面轨迹和良好相位特性的新颖的Flower卫星星座设计方法。与常见的星座设计方法不同,在地球中心固定坐标系中可以更好的体现Flower星座的特点。通过Flower星座模型参数与星座中卫星轨道参数之间的关系式,实现了Flower星座的研究设计软件SatSim。结合Satellite Tool Kit仿真软件,给出了利用Flower星座设计一个能为GEO卫星进行导航的卫星导航系统实例,探讨了将Flower星座广泛应用于更多卫星星座系统设计的可能。