基于Radau伪谱方法的轨迹优化

研究了导弹在末制导阶段满足多约束条件下的轨迹优化问题。针对传统方法在处理复杂的非线性运动学、动力学约束上存在的困难,提出了一种基于Radau伪谱方法(RPM)的求解策略。首先,给出了考虑导弹速度和空气密度变化、终端和过程约束条件以及2种不同的性能指标函数的最优轨迹优化问题;其次,利用RPM将轨迹优化问题转化为非线性规划问题,采用序列二次规划算法求得最优解;最后,分2种初始条件对最大落角和最大终端速度的轨迹优化问题进行了仿真验证,结果表明:本文方法能够在较短的时间内生成一条满足多种约束要求的高精度的最优轨迹。     

表面状态及电解液对Ti6Al4V EJM加工质量的影响

钛合金广泛应用于航空发动机中,硝酸钠(Na NO3)电解液与氯化钠(Na Cl)电解液广泛应用于常规金属材料电化学加工。研究了钛合金在应用电解液喷射加工技术(EJM)时的表现。首先应用这两种电解液对两种不同表面质量的钛合金试件分别进行EJM加工试验,通过分析加工后所得样槽的深宽比、表面粗糙度、氧化物占比以及微观形貌,分析了钛合金原始表面状态以及电解液选用对最终加工精度的影响效果。在此基础上,以不同的顺序组合应用这两种电解液对优选出的钛合金试件再次进行EJM加工试验研究,确定最优的电解液组合应用顺序。两个系列的试验研究,为提高钛合金电化学喷射加工的质量与效率提供了一定的理论和试验依据。     

A new SINS/GPS sensor fusion scheme for UAV localization problem using nonlinear SVSF with covariance derivation and an adaptive boundary layer

The state estimation strategy using the smooth variable structure filter(SVSF) is based on the variable structure and sliding mode concepts. As presented in its standard form with a fixed boundary layer limit, the value of the boundary layer width is not precisely known at each step and may be selected based on a priori knowledge. The boundary layer width reflects the level of uncertainty in the model parameters and disturbance characteristics, where large values of the boundary layer width lead to robustness without optimality and small values of the boundary layer width provide optimality with poor robustness. As a solution and to overcome these limitations, an adaptive smoothing boundary layer is required to achieve greater robustness and suitable accuracy.This adapted value of the boundary layer width is obtained by minimizing the trace of the a posteriori covariance matrix. In this paper, the proposed new approach will be considered as another alternative to the extended Kalman filters(EKF), nonlinear H1 and standard SVSF-based data fusion techniques for the autonomous airborne navigation and self-localization problem. This alternative is based on strapdown inertial navigation system(SINS) and GPS data using the nonlinear SVSF with a covariance derivation and adaptive boundary layer width.Furthermore, the full mathematical model of the SINS/GPS navigation system considering the unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) position, velocity and Euler angle as well as gyro and accelerometer biases will be used in this paper to estimate the airborne position and velocity with better accuracy.     

风雪运动数值模拟中自保持平衡边界条件研究

在目前风场自保持性研究的基础上,结合等效物理粗糙高度,给出一类近似满足自保持性的用于风雪运动数值模拟的边界条件.首先结合低温风洞实验室的风雪实验数据,把文献的方法应用于风雪运动数值模拟中.经对比验算发现,文献的方法应用于风雪数值模拟中不能很好满足自保持性.为了进一步满足自保持性要求,引入等效物理粗糙高度,建立起雪跃移高度与等效物理粗糙高度的关系.结果表明:通过引入等效物理粗糙高度,边界条件的自保持特性得到了进一步的提高.最后对该方法的应用进行了推广验证.     

Effect of bent inlet pipe on the flow instability behavior of centrifugal compressors

Bent inlet pipes are often used in centrifugal compressors due to limited installation space, and an understanding of the effect on compressor stability is essential for safety and durability. This paper firstly investigates flow instability behaviors in two compressors, one with a straight inlet pipe and the other with an S-shaped bent pipe. In detail, it analyzes the resulting flow fields, instability evolution paths and surge boundaries. The results show that the S-shaped pipe obviously affects the flow field at high mass flow rates, while reverse flow mainly influences the flow field at low mass flow rates. Reverse flow first occurs at certain flow passages with a high pressure difference that is predominantly decided by the volute rather than the S-shaped bent pipe. In addition, centrifugal compressors can tolerate reverse flow to some extent so that surge would not occur immediately if reverse flow occurs unless the reverse flow region extends circumferentially and radially to a sufficiently large size. Since the S-shaped pipe is not dominant in the creation and extension of reverse flow, it does not exacerbate the stability of the central compressor to a great extent. Last but not least, the S-shaped pipe is noted to delay the occurrence of surge at 90% rotating speed, which suggests the possibility of improving compressor stability with bent inlet pipes. This result differs from the conventional understanding that inlet distortion usually deteriorates compressor stability and emphasizes the particularity of centrifugal compressors.     

基于状态监测数据的航空发动机剩余寿命在线预测

针对现有基于状态监测数据的航空发动机剩余寿命预测研究未能综合考虑隐含退化建模和同步更新漂移/扩散系数的问题,提出一种基于状态监测数据的航空发动机剩余寿命在线预测方法。首先,基于非线性Wiener过程构建带比例关系的航空发动机隐含退化模型;其次,基于多台同类发动机的历史状态监测数据,对退化模型参数进行离线估计;然后,基于目标发动机的实时状态检测数据,利用贝叶斯原理同步更新退化模型漂移/扩散系数;最后,推导出航空发动机的剩余寿命概率密度函数。结合实例分析,验证了本文所提方法较传统方法具有更高的预测准确性与精度,具备潜在工程应用前景。     

孪晶界对α铁力学性能影响的模拟研究

采用分子动力学方法研究在单轴拉伸载荷下孪晶界间距和孪晶界与拉伸载荷角度对纳米孪晶铁力学行为的影响。结果表明:纳米孪晶铁的屈服强度随着孪晶界间距的增大而增大,呈现反常的Hall-Petch关系;单晶铁中出现变形孪晶,此时其塑性变形以变形孪晶为主;弹性模量随孪晶界间距增大有轻微的增大;拉伸载荷与孪晶界不垂直时,屈服应力降低,变形方式则以去孪晶为主。     

复杂结构件数控加工浮动装夹自适应控制方法

为了减小复杂结构件数控加工产生的变形,满足装夹自适应调整需求,基于浮动装夹加工原理提出了浮动装夹自适应控制方法,研究了基于CAN(Controller Area Network)总线的浮动装夹系统通信、零件受力和变形的监测与检测、基于OPC(OLE for Process Control)的机床状态监测、数控机床和夹具协同控制等关键技术,开发了浮动装夹自适应控制系统。此系统在航空制造企业进行了实际加工应用验证,能够实现装夹自适应调整,满足工业应用需求。     

细编穿刺C/C复合材料热导率数值模拟

根据细编穿刺复合材料的细观和微观结构,分别建立了纤维束和细编穿刺单胞有限元模型。采用周期性非绝热温度边界条件,计算了纤维束和材料整体的等效热导率。计算结果与经验公式比较,具有高度的一致性。在此基础上,进一步研究了纤维体积分数、基体和纤维热导率对材料热导率的影响。结果表明,随着纤维含量的增加,材料两个方向热导率均有不同程度的下降,且差异逐渐减小,且基体对热导率影响作用较大。文中采用的模型和周期性边界条件与理论预期符合较好,为材料热学和热力耦合问题的分析提供了有用参考。     

飞翼无人机低速着陆状态抖振响应研究

基于RANS方程和SST湍流模型,采用飞翼无人机升力系数判据、俯仰力矩判据和表面极限流判据等对抖振始发迎角度进行了预测估计。基于较为详细的结构模型和气动模型,构造了结构与气动的耦合求解技术,同时采用弹簧近似光滑和局部重构组合方法对气动的动网格技术进行更新;然后分别在时频域内分析了飞翼无人机的抖振载荷响应。研究结果表明:基于CFD的RANS方程、SST湍流模型及各类判据预计刚性飞翼无人机在低速大迎角状态下的抖振始发迎角可以得到较为合理的结果;采用升力系数判据、俯仰力矩系数判据预测的抖振始发迎角与表面极限流判据预测的始发迎角相比要保守一些;而表面极限流判据方法能给出翼面气流流动的细节,采用此判据可以分析对比不同迎角下的翼面气流流动变化情况;与气动弹性及嗡鸣响应相比,抖振是一种强迫振动,其响应频率并不单一。