弹性高超声速飞行器建模及精细姿态控制

为保证超燃冲压发动机的良好进气,需要对高超声速飞行器进行精细姿态控制,但弹性振动问题极大影响其精细姿态控制精度。以高超声速飞行器的纵向通道为例,分析弹性振动问题对飞行控制系统的影响,建立面向控制的弹性高超声速飞行器数学模型,考虑气动参数和模态参数的大范围摄动,采用主动控制策略,基于鲁棒H∞理论和LQR理论设计精细姿态控制系统。大量仿真表明：在考虑测量噪声、舵机非线性、参数大范围摄动的情况下,控制系统能够很好地跟踪刚体攻角,抑制弹性攻角,并保证进气口当地攻角±0.4度的控制精度,满足高超声速飞行器精细姿态控制的要求。     

Attitude Control Considering Variable Input Saturation Limit for a Spacecraft Equipped with Flywheels

A new attitude controller is proposed for spacecraft whose actuator has variable input saturation limit. There are three identical flywheels orthogonally mounted on board. Each rotor is driven by a brushless DC motor (BLDCM). Models of spacecraft attitude dynamics and flywheel rotor driving motor electromechanics are discussed in detail. The controller design is similar to saturation limit linear assignment. An auxiliary parameter and a boundary coefficient are imported into the controller to guarantee system stability and improve control performance. A time-varying and state-dependent flywheel output torque saturation limit model is established. Stability of the closed-loop control system and asymptotic convergence of system states are proved via Lyapunov methods and LaSalle invariance principle. Boundedness of the auxiliary parameter ensures that the control objective can be achieved, while the boundary parameter’s value makes a balance between system control performance and flywheel utilization efficiency. Compared with existing controllers, the newly developed controller with variable torque saturation limit can bring smoother control and faster system response. Numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of the controller.     

Delay Depending Decentralized Adaptive Attitude Synchronization Tracking Control of Spacecraft Formation

This paper deals with the problem of cooperative attitude tracking with time-varying communication delays as well as the delays between inter-synchronization control parts and self-tracking control parts in the spacecraft formation flying. First, we present the attitude synchronization tracking control algorithms and analyze the sufficient delay-dependent stability condition with the choice of a Lyapunov function when the angular velocity can be measured. More specifically, a class of linear filters is developed to derive an output feedback control law without having direct information of the angular velocity, which is significant for practical applications with low-cost configurations of spacecraft. Using a well-chosen Lyapunov-Krasovskii function, it is proven that the presented control law can make the spacecraft formation attitude tracking system synchronous and achieve exponential stability, in the face of model uncertainties, as well as non-uniform time-varying delays in communication links and different control parts. Finally, simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes.     

轨姿控液体火箭发动机水击仿真模拟

以轨姿控液体火箭发动机为研究对象,根据模块化思想,利用AMESim建立了仿真平台,仿真计算了发动机系统工作中管路的水击压力。结果表明:轨控发动机的工作是引起大水击的主要因素。通过与理论计算和试验数据的对比表明,仿真模型较好地描述了管路水击的生成过程。介绍了减小系统水击量的措施。     

轨／姿控发动机脉冲后效冲量快速算法的研究及应用

轨／姿控发动机脉冲性能需在地面高空模拟试验中进行考核,试验数据需即时提供,针对脉冲后效冲量的计算,当前方法不能兼顾速率和统计偏差。简述了后效冲量计算要求、高模试验特点、Pacific6000原理及数据文件结构。在分析当前计算方法优缺点基础上,将网络脚本语言的设计思想引入试验数据处理过程,提出了实现数据快速处理的数据流式算法,基于此算法开发了工程应用软件,在实际试验中应用,取得了良好效果。     

GNSS多频观测对定姿精度的影响分析

针对单历元定姿的精度问题,对多频双差观测模型下的定姿精度进行了理论推导,分析了影响定姿精度的各种因素,并着重研究了GPS和Galileo系统下多频观测值对定姿精度的改善程度。理论分析和仿真实验均表明．相比于单频定姿,多频观测可以显著提高定姿精度。     

一种改进的基于双矢量观测的姿态确定算法

为了提高飞行器姿态确定的精度和姿态矩阵的解算速度,提出了一种改进的双矢量定姿算法.这种算法利用测量系统的方差对两个观测矢量进行加权处理,求得一个新的矢量,以两观测矢量夹角为判断依据选取加权系数;以新矢量为基准矢量,利用双矢量定姿算法求解姿态矩阵,并对求得的姿态矩阵进行修正.仿真结果表明:这种算法所需时间为优化算法的50%,当两个传感器测量误差不同、两矢量为任意夹角时,这种算法比优化的双矢量算法精度高;当两个传感器测量误差相同时,除了两矢量夹角为90°外,这种算法均比优化的双矢量算法精度高.     

基于泵式流体回路的小卫星姿控/热控一体化执行机构设计

 主要研究了小卫星姿控/热控一体化执行机构的设计问题.首先,根据流体回路中液体流速变化对小卫星产生力矩实现姿态控制、液体流动吸/散废热实现热控制的原理,提出一种姿控/热控一体化执行机构设计方案.然后针对该设计方案,利用以电机转速为变量的流体回路内压强和电磁力矩方程,推导了一体化执行机构姿控力矩模型;利用散热量随流体回路流速的变化,建立了一体化执行机构热控模型.最后,针对某小卫星设计了基于姿控/热控一体化执行机构的闭环控制系统,并针对该一体化执行机构设计了一种姿控/热控解耦算法,对其姿控/热控能力进行数学仿真验证,仿真结果证明了该一体化执行机构的有效性.     

姿态机动中SGCMG的一种改进奇异鲁棒操纵律设计

单框架控制力矩陀螺(SGCMG)在卫星姿态控制中以其具有大力矩输出能力而受到重视并已成功应用于在轨卫星,其应用难点是构形奇异问题,特别是在快速连续机动的过程中,CMG框架角必须迅速脱离奇异状态.使用描述CMG输出力矩和期望控制力矩夹角的奇异度量方法,以便在仿真中观察判别CMG构形的奇异程度.着重改进CMG的奇异鲁棒操纵律,应用高斯函数的方法确定鲁棒系数.仿真实例表明,与传统的梯度型零运动相比,该方法可以在卫星的连续快速机动中使CMG系统更为迅速地摆脱奇异,更为快速地完成机动并减小姿态抖动.     

基于四元数的UKF多传感器卫星姿态确定

对采用磁强计和太阳敏感器的卫星姿态模型,应用无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)算法确定卫星姿态。由四元数描述姿态,在算法中将其转换成旋转矢量,另设计了四元数求均值的迭代算法,解决了四元数在UKF算法中的处理。仿真结果表明:广义卡尔曼滤波(EKF)算法对初值依赖性较大,UKF算法不受初值影响且精度高于EKF,具快速性、精度高和稳定性强等优点。