热载荷下热障涂层表面裂纹-界面裂纹的相互作用

针对热障涂层在热循环载荷下陶瓷层表面和氧化层/黏结层界面形成裂纹而导致涂层失效的问题,采用扩展有限元和内聚力单元建立陶瓷层表面裂纹与氧化层/黏结层界面裂纹相互作用的有限元模型,得到不同裂纹附近应力分布和开裂程度,分析了这2种裂纹之间的相互影响,结果表明:表面裂纹对界面裂纹影响较大,而界面裂纹对表面裂纹影响较小;氧化层几何参数以及材料参数对2种裂纹演变的影响研究结果表明:氧化层正弦幅值和厚度主要影响界面裂纹,在热载荷下,氧化层越粗糙,界面裂纹扩展速度越快。黏结层弹性模量主要影响界面裂纹扩展程度,而陶瓷层弹性模量主要影响表面裂纹扩展程度,对界面裂纹间接地产生较大影响。     

基于有向图模型的民机航空电子系统故障诊断

结合民机航电系统外场可更换单元或模块（LRU/LRM）的故障模式及影响分析（FMEA）、故障树 分析和实时性要求,设计了基于时间故障传播图（TFPG）的系统故障诊断元模型和领域模型,研究了基于逻 辑和时间一致性检验的故障诊断算法,使用后向推理和可信度度量列出候选故障集。以飞行管理系统为例,构 造了其功能失效的TFPG 模型,并通过仿真验证了基于TFPG 的诊断在滤除级联效应和关联驾驶舱效应中的有 效性。     

A tip clearance prediction model for multistage rotors and stators in aero-engines

Tip clearances of multistage rotors and stators greatly affect aero-engines’ aerodynamic efficiency, stability and safety. The inevitable machining and assembly errors, as well as the complicated error propagation mechanism, cause overproof or non-uniform tip clearances. However, it is generally accepted that tip clearances are difficult to predict, even under assembly state. In this paper, a tip clearance prediction model is proposed based on measured error data. Some 3D error propagation sub-models, regarding rotors, supports and casings, are built and combined. The complex error coupling relationship is uncovered using mathematical methods. Rotor and stator tip clearances are predicted and analyzed in different phase angles. The maximum, minimum and average tip clearances can be calculated. The proposed model is implemented by a computer program, and a case study illustrates its performance and verifies its feasibility. The results can be referred by engineers in assembly quality judgement and decision-making.     

Estimation of GPS instrumental biases from small scale network

With 4 GPS receivers located in the equatorial anomaly region in southeast China, this paper proposes a grid-based algorithm to determine the GPS satellites and receivers biases, and at the same time to derive the total electron content (TEC) with time resolution of 15 min and spatial resolution of 1° by 3.5° in latitude and longitude. By assuming that the TEC is identical at any point within a given grid block and the biases do not vary within a day, the algorithm arranges unknown biases and TECs with slant path TEC from the 4 receivers’ observations into a set of equations. Then the instrumental biases and the TECs are determined by using the least squares fitting technique. The performance of the method is examined by applying it to the GPS receiver chain observations selected from 16 geomagnetically quiet days in four seasons of 2006. It is found that the fitting agrees with the data very well, with goodness of fit ranging from 0.452 TECU to 1.914 TECU. Having a mean of 0.9 ns, the standard deviations for most of the GPS satellite biases are less than 1.0 ns for the 16 days. The GPS receiver biases are more stable than that of the GPS satellites. The standard deviation in the 4 receiver bias is from 0.370 ns to 0.855 ns, with a mean of 0.5 ns. Moreover, the instrumental biases are highly correlated with those derived from CODE and JPL with independent methods. The typical precision of the derived TEC is 5 TECU by a conservative estimation. These results indicate that the proposed algorithm is valid and qualified for small scale GPS network.     

乙烯和汽油多循环脉冲爆震发动机起爆特性比较

为了研究脉冲爆震发动机(PDE)结构对其工作性能的影响,在内径为40mm、长为1050mm的气动阀式脉冲爆震发动机样机上,进行了气态乙烯/空气和液态汽油/空气的多循环起爆特性试验研究.研究结果表明:在25,30Hz和40Hz下都能在乙烯/空气中成功触发爆震波,40Hz下产生C-J(Chapman-Jouguet)爆震波,传播速度为1724m/s(低于C-J爆震波速度理论值1832.45m/s的5.6%),峰值压力为3.01MPa(高于C-J爆震波压力理论值2.79MPa的7.88%).在相同结构下,汽油/空气未能完成由缓燃向爆震转变的过程.通过对比两种燃料下的试验结果发现:相对于气态燃料,液态燃料受其蒸发过程的影响,在爆震管内的火焰加速缓慢,需要更多的强化燃烧装置来加速火焰,带来的总压损失也更大.因此,对于液态燃料改善雾化和蒸发,提高可爆混气的质量是其实现低阻起爆的关键.      

基于星载毫米波顺轨-交轨InISAR的空间运动目标三维成像技术研究

研究了低信噪比情况下的星载毫米波顺轨/交轨In\|ISAR空间目标三维成像问题。由于传统的RD成像算法在目标尺寸较大和分辨率要求较高时不能取得较好的成像效果,故将波数域成像算法引入运动目标成像处理以获得高分辨率的二维图像,继而将顺轨/交轨三天线ISAR图像分别进行干涉处理,获得了目标上各散射点的三维位置。作为二维成像、图像配准等重要环节的基础参数,对低信噪比下的目标检测和三维运动参数估计进行了研究,分析了速度估计精度要求。最后,仿真结果表明了顺轨/交轨In-ISAR系统的有效性。     

基于有限元的双轴载荷状态下自动裂纹扩展分析

利用Python脚本语言对Abaqus进行了二次开发,预测双轴载荷状态下裂纹扩展轨迹。对双轴载荷下中心带孔板的裂纹扩展进行了模拟,并与FRANC2D得到的计算结果进行比较。结果表明利用二次开发程序计算得到的裂纹扩展轨迹及其断裂参数与FRANC2D得到的结果基本一致,计算结果是可靠的;利用二次开发程序对双轴载荷状态下的进行裂纹扩展分析能够有效减少计算时间,提高计算效率。     

液体火箭发动机传感器故障检测与数据恢复算法研究

以某型液体火箭发动机为研究对象,根据其传感器的故障特性,提出了基于BP神经网络的传感器故障检测与数据恢复算法。通过定义的传感器置信度来判断传感器是否发生故障,以及确定故障传感器,利用已训练好的神经网络结构对故障传感器进行数据恢复。研究内容能够实现传感器的故障检测、定位与补偿,能够有效提高发动机故障检测方法的可靠性和鲁棒性。     

FGH96涡轮盘低循环疲劳寿命分析技术与试验

分析FGH96涡轮盘的尺寸效应,分析了分别适合于FGH96亚尺寸盘和全尺寸盘的低循环疲劳寿命预测方法.成功设计了FGH96亚尺寸盘、全尺寸裂纹扩展盘试验件;通过低循环疲劳试验,展现了两种不同的低循环疲劳失效机理,验证了提出的低循环疲劳寿命预测方法;通过裂纹扩展试验,获得了FGH96全尺寸轮盘的裂纹扩展特性,揭示了FGH96全尺寸涡轮盘与紧凑拉伸试样裂纹扩展特性具有显著差别的客观规律;获得FGH96全尺寸涡轮盘580℃损伤容限值,明确某发动机高压涡轮盘损伤容限水平.      

密切内锥乘波前体进气道一体化设计和性能分析

采用特征线方法设计了具有直线初始激波、内收缩段消除激波反射、出口参数均匀可控的基准内锥流场。基于密切内锥(Osculating Inward turning Cone,OIC)乘波体设计方法,发展了密切内锥乘波前体进气道(Os-culating Inward turning Cone Waverider Inlet,OICWI)一体化设计技术。基于基准内锥流场和前体进气道一体化设计技术,设计了密切内锥乘波前体进气道。采用数值方法对设计的密切内锥乘波前体进气道进行了计算分析,结果表明无粘流场结构和基准内锥流场吻合,无粘模拟结果和理论设计结果吻合。粘性数值模拟结果显示一体化进气道具有较高的流量捕获率及总压恢复特性,进气道出口流场分布均匀。