冷却水系统的运行管理与清洗

对制冷、空调中的冷却水循环系统在实际运行中经常出现的故障进行了针对性分析，提出了运行管理应注意的技术问题。对冷却水系统的清洗提出了具体的方案，从洗涤剂的浓度、杀菌灭藻剂和缓蚀剂的用量到中和钝化药剂的用量都给出了具体的量，为冷却水系统的正常运行提供了有力的技术支持。     

铝盐絮凝剂复配含磁絮体形成的最佳参数及性能研究

本文系统研究了铝盐及有机高分子絮凝剂与磁粉在高浊度原水中复合投加的絮凝效果和含磁絮体形成的最佳参数，并通过比较处理效果，出水沉降时间和含磁絮体的显微结构，验证了本絮凝方法处理高浊度原水效果更好，停留时间更短的预估，且絮体含磁易分离，为管式絮凝器采用磁絮凝和高梯度磁分离工艺提供了参数依据和高效絮凝分离一体化、管道化的可行性证明。     

Ground-based millimeter-wave observations of water vapor emission (183 GHz) at Atacama,Chile

We report the first results of ground-based millimeter-wave measurements of 183 GHz atmospheric water vapor spectra from Atacama highland (4800 m alt.), Chile. The measurements were carried out in December 2005 by using a spectroscopic radiometer equipped with a superconductive heterodyne receiver. A conspicuous H₂O spectrum at 183 GHz was detected with an integration time of only 1.5 min, and this is the first high frequency-resolution H₂O spectrum at 183 GHz obtained in the southern subtropical region. The vertical profile of H₂O volume mixing ratio between 40 and 64 km were retrieved from the spectrum by using the modified optimal estimation method.     

Radiometric estimation of water vapor content over Brazil

A multi-channel microwave radiometre (make: Radiometrics Corporation) is installed at Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais–INPE, Brazil (22°S). The radiometric output of two channels of the radiometer in the form of brightness temperature at 23.834 GHz and 30 GHz, initially, were used to find out the ambient water vapor content and the non-precipitable cloud liquid water content. The necessary algorithm was developed for the purpose. The best results were obtained using the hinge frequency 23.834 GHz and 30 GHz pair having an r.m.s. error of only 2.64. The same methodology was then adopted exploiting 23.034 GHz and 30 GHz pair. In that case the r.m.s. error was 3.42. These results were then compared with those obtained over Kolkata (22°N), India, by using 22.234 GHz and 31.4 GHz radiometric data. This work conclusively suggests the use of a frequency should not be at the water vapor resonance line. Instead, while measuring the vapor content for separation of vapor and cloud liquid, one of them should be a few GHz left or right from the resonance line i.e., at 23.834 GHz and the other one should be around 30 GHz.     

吸声聚氨酯泡沫塑料的研究

阐述了吸声聚氨酯泡沫塑料在实际使用中的地位和意义,概述其国内外研究进展,重点介绍了制备工艺、原材料及其特性和吸声性能.     

Studies on urine treatment by biological purification using Azolla and UV photocatalytic oxidation

The amount of water consumed in space station operations is very large. In order to reduce the amount of water which must be resupplied from Earth, the space station needs to resolve the problems of water supply. For this reason, the recovery, regeneration and utilization of urine of astronauts are of key importance. Many investigations on this subject have been reported. Our research is based on biological absorption and, purification using UV photocatalytic oxidation techniques to achieve comprehensive treatment for urine. In the treatment apparatus we created, the urine solution is used as part of the nutrient solution for the biological components in our bioregenerative life support system. After being absorbed, the nutrients from the urine were then decomposed, metabolized and purified which creates a favorable condition for the follow-up oxidation treatment by UV photocatalytic oxidation. After these two processes, the treated urine solution reached Chinese national standards for drinking water quality (GB5749-1985).     

基于流固耦合航行体入水冲击数值模拟研究

针对航行体入水冲击过程中的流固耦合问题,利用任意拉格朗日 欧拉算法建立三维入水冲击数值仿真模型。首先,建立球体入水冲击数值模型,获取了入水过程中的冲击载荷和表面压力数据,通过与试验对比,探究网格密度、接触刚度耦合系数以及时间步长对仿真准确性的影响。结果发现,冲击区域网格密度和接触刚度耦合系数决定流固耦合接触刚度;冲击域的网状密度对冲击系数结果和入水速度变化有明显影响;耦合节点之间的接触刚度系数会影响局部压力峰值。最后,建立锥形头部圆柱体入水仿真模型,提出分段刚体计算截面载荷方法,研究不同速度下结构入水冲击加速度、速度、位移和截面载荷变化规律,与试验结果对比证明仿真准确性。     

轴向间隙对对旋式喷水推进泵水力特性的影响

为研究对旋式喷水推进泵叶轮轴向间隙对泵水力性能及推力的影响,基于RNG k-ε湍流模型和SIMPLEC算法,参考导叶与叶轮间的轴向间隙范围,对五组不同间隙系数的喷水推进泵模型进行了数值模拟。定义了对旋叶轮首次级间隙系数δ,分析了不同轴向间隙系数下泵外特性、内部流动能量转化以及推力特性的变化规律。通过推进泵性能实验结果与数值模拟结果的比较,验证了数值计算方法的可靠性。研究表明:在研究的间隙范围内,对旋叶轮轴向间隙的增加可以改善首级叶轮的低压区;当0.13δ0.17时不利于次级叶轮回收首级叶轮的流体能量;在轴向间隙系数0.09δ0.13的范围内可以明显提高推进泵的效率,δ=0.09时效率最高,达到85%;当轴向间隙系数δ0.17时,推力有较明显的下降趋势。因此,通过内部流动分析和外特性以及推力特性的研究,共同验证了首次级叶轮间的轴向间隙是影响对旋式喷水推进泵水力特性的重要因素。     

M40J/改性氰酸酯复合材料耐水性能研究

讨论了氰酸酯树脂、环氧改性氰酸酯树脂、环氧树脂及其M40J碳纤维复合材料耐水性能。考察了几种体系的吸水率、吸水前后力学性能变化,并通过SEM分析其微观状态变化。结果表明,氰酸酯及其改性体系具有低的吸水率,力学性能无明显变化,复合材料吸水率低于浇铸体,拉伸模量、剪切强度有一定程度下降,分析认为主要是由复合材料界面破坏引起的。     

火箭发动机尾焰流场注水降温效果初探

为了对超声速高温燃气射流的注水降温机理进行探索,对该类流场进行了数值模拟和实验研究。气-液两相流场采用Mixture多相流模型进行计算,液态水的汽化过程通过耦合水的汽化方程来模拟。实验现象采用高速摄影和红外热像仪进行拍摄,并且在冲击平板上布置了热电偶温度测点。通过对仿真计算得到的温度云图与实验结果进行比较发现,无论是流场形态还是温度场分布,两者都十分吻合,证明了计算模型的适用性。结果表明:液态水和燃气的掺混汽化吸热效果显著,高温区域由于注水影响缩小到一个类锥形区域;迎气面温度大大降低,热冲击烧蚀效应得到有效缓解,尤其是中心部位降温效果最为明显,注水后温度仅为原温度值的60%左右。