超声速半流伞设计与分析

半流伞是一种典型的超声速减速伞,结构设计和气动特性分析是研究其工作性能的基础。文章结合某超声速减速伞设计实践,论述了超声速伞型的选择和半流伞结构设计方法。通过低速风洞试验、高速风洞试验和高速飞行投放试验,对半流伞气动特性、开伞特性及最大开伞动载进行了研究,获得了半流伞的摆角参数和阻力系数变化规律。研究结果表明,半流伞超声速段阻力系数减小是前置体尾流效应、伞形状变化及充气不稳定等综合因素造成的。火工动力开伞与倒拉法程序结合是开伞程序设计的关键。由于颤振和气动热的影响,超声速段开伞动载计算与亚声速段有明显不同。研究结果对超声速伞的稳定减速机理、结构优化设计和性能试验具有参考意义。     

Dynamic simulation of breakaway characteristics of tethered aerostats

A tethered aerostat may break away due to the cable damage caused by abrasion or strong wind. In order to avoid losing the aerostat, the discharge valve will open automatically when the aerostat escapes into the air. It is necessary to know its breakaway characteristics because it is different from those of the launch process. This work develops the dynamic and thermal models for tethered aerostat breakaway characteristics with the finite difference method. Based on the developed models, a computer program in FORTRAN is developed. Then, the program is used to simulate tethered aerostat breakaway characteristics, including ascent and descent behaviors, flight altitude, flight duration, and the influence of the discharge valve characteristics, ascent velocity and hull volume on the hull overpressure. The simulation results are helpful for better understanding tethered aerostat breakaway characteristics and for developing tethered aerostat breakaway control strategies and systems.     

Physical Body Impact After High Altitude Bail-out

In most of the emergency circumstances,the aircrew leaves the aircraft under unsatisfied conditions,such as too high relative velocity to the ambient air or low partial oxygen pressure.The aircrew must pass through this area as quickly as possible before opening the parachute safely,viz.,free-fall.Numerical simulations are conducted in this paper to explore the major characteris-tics of the aircrew free-fall process by using a commercial computational fluid dynamic(CFD) software,FLUENT.Coupled with the classical pressure-altitude and temperature-altitude relations,Navier-Stokes(N-S) equations for compressible flow are solved by using finite volume method.The body velocity and the attitude are predicted with six-degree of freedom(6DOF) module.The evolution of velocities,including horizontal,vertical components and angular velocity,is obtained.It is also analyzed further according to the particle kinetic theories.It is validated that the theories can predict the process qualitatively well with a modi-fied drag effect,which mainly stems from the velocity pressure.An empirical modification factor is proposed according to the fitting results.     

基于小波熵的救生伞高速空投最大开伞动载不确定性

针对高速空投试验最大开伞动载测量值离散性大的问题，采用小波熵对试验数据和仿真数据进行对比分析。假人姿态差异大是导致试验测量值重复性差的直接原因，而从空投开始到拉直开伞时刻假人姿态的不确定性是问题的主要来源。试验数据和仿真结果得到的小波熵随空投速度和空投系统质量的变化趋势相同，并且与空投系统的物理本质相符；在考察救生伞开伞动载的试验研究中，仅考虑最大开伞动载的测量值，而忽略系统不确定性是不合理的，因此建议对拉直之前的假人姿态加以控制。     

Dynamics and operation optimization of partial space elevator with multiple climbers

This work studies the dynamics and optimal stabilization method of a partial space elevator (PSE) system with multiple climbers. All satellites and climbers are assumed as lumped masses that are connected by straight, massless, and inextensible tethers. A general dynamic model is derived for the PSE with multiple climbers. It is found different climber moving patterns of climbers have major influence of dynamic behavior of PSE. Optimal control is used to develop optimal operation modes to suppress the libration of PSE with multiple climbers. Moreover, a new operation mode is proposed to approach the desired mission objectives. It is found that all libration angles can be suppressed to zero by the end of the transfer period if two climbers can be kept at a constant speed. At the same time, the magnitudes of libration angles can be kept bounded by regulating the speed of the middle climber relative to other two climbers.     

DS—1型动力升降伞的研制

本文介绍的动力长降伞的研制是在充分的气动、飞行、强度试验基础上，进行精心的总体设计和另构件及系统设计。以满足和达到人机飞行器的设计性能指标。     

论绳系卫星系统的运动中心

讨论了稳定状态下绳系系统运动中心及相关的力学与应用问题。绳系系统运动中心与系统质心不重合。确定了运动中心在系绳上的位置,并从运动中心概念出发,导出系绳拉力的表示式,阐述了系绳拉力偏差对摆动频率计算的影响。     

一组新的绳系卫星系统广义坐标

应用一组新的六维广义坐标,在一个统一的力学系统中,研究在外摄动力（地球非球形引力与大气阻力等）及系绳拉力的作用下,绳系系统质心在惯性空间的轨道运动,以及该系统相对于质心的相对运动。系绳模拟为具有质量的弹性连续体,系绳两端的空间飞行器假设为点质量。下列变量取为力学系统的广义坐标：系统质心的向径、赤经、赤纬,主星与子星之间的距离,以及系绳相对于系统质心子午面的两个欧拉角。经典的质心轨道根数,以及系绳在质心轨道面内与轨道面外的摆动角,均可由上述六个广义坐标及其广义速度确定。     

绳系卫星系统二维平面运动和常规动力学

在假设了无质量的系绳和地球中心引力场后，绳系卫星系统在同一轨道平面内运动由子星－母星之间相对位置向量描述，亦即由该向量的长度（两星间距）变化和方位角的变化而决定。在引入距离速率控制算法之后，系统的动力学主要由方位角运动而定。当母星轨道为圆形时，系统运动状态具有极限点，而在椭圆轨道下则有极限环。采用了非线性动态系统的方法和技术来计算极限状态和分析它们的稳定特性以及运动的分形问题。用本文中方法对ＴＳＳ     

圆形降落伞顶孔的孔口圈新技术

文章介绍了美国近年来研究的降落伞中的一项新技术—圆形降落伞顶孔的孔口圈技术。该项技术去掉顶孔绳 ,代之以高强编织带孔口圈。在X— 38计划的减速伞和超音速引导伞、在SDW减速稳定伞和主伞以及PLER伞上应用 ,均获得成功。