On tethered sample and mooring systems near irregular asteroids

A tethered asteroid sample and mooring system is investigated in this paper. In this system the spacecraft is moored to the surface of an irregular asteroid such as 216 Kleopatra by using a rocket-propelled anchor with a cable. The rocket-propelled anchor is a kind of space penetrator, which can inject into asteroids at high speeds generated by its own rocket engine. It can be used to explore the interior structure of asteroids, and it can also be used as a sample collector. When the sampling mission is done, the sample can be pulled back to the spacecraft with the anchor. Using this method, the spacecraft can be kept in a safe region in which it cannot be trapped by the gravitational field of the asteroid. This work is concerned with the dynamics of the tethered system near irregular asteroids. First, a shape model and gravitational field model of irregular asteroids are built. Then, the configuration and the stability of the tethered system are investigated, and the quasi-periodic motion near the equilibrium point of the tethered system is analyzed. Finally, the non-uniform density distribution of the asteroids is considered. The deployment process and the oscillation of the tethered system in the uncertain asteroid gravity field are simulated using the Monte Carlo method. The feasibility of the tethered asteroid sample and mooring system is proved.     

Coordinated control of tethered space robot using mobile tether attachment point in approaching phase

Tethered space robots (TSRs) have wide applications in future on-orbit service owing to its flexibility and great workspace. However, the control problem is quite complex and difficult in the phase of approaching target, and the fuel consumption must also be taken into account. Hence, we present a novel scheme of achieving coordinated orbit and attitude control simultaneously for the TSR. Space tether, which can provide greater force compared with the thruster force, is used in the design of the orbit and attitude coordinated controller. A coordinated control mechanism is designed to provide attitude control torques of the pitch and yaw motions by adjusting the position of the mobile tether attachment point, while the roll motion is stabilized by the thruster. In order to guarantee this mechanism to work properly, constant tether tension strategies are utilized to plan an optimal approaching trajectory which is tracked by the coordinated controller of tether force and thruster force. Numerical simulation validates the feasibility of our proposed coordinated control scheme for TSR in the approaching phase. Furthermore, fuel consumption of the orbit and attitude control are both significantly reduced compared with traditional thruster control.     

某系留气球抗风性能仿真分析

系留气球以其显著特点已应用到许多领域,今后还会有大的发展。因所处环境的风力对飞行稳定性影响较大,故抗风能力成为系统重要指标。针对无法用实验手段进行验证的空中工作姿态,一般采取计算机仿真方法进行模拟研究。介绍了系留气球的设备组成,描述了空中飞行状态,通过建立动力学模型的数学方程式,施加1-consine型离散突风模型扰动,仿真了空中球体的俯仰角和滚转角随扰动时间的关系曲线,并对结果曲线进行分析研究,以期为同型系留气球的设计方法提供某种借鉴,为浮空器使用安全提供帮助。     

可控翼伞单电机伺服机构微机控制

可控翼伞后缘有二组操纵绳,控制它可以改变翼伞飞行方向,实现回收体在预定点(区域)着陆和回收。通常使用二个电机分别进行操纵控制。为了提高系统的性能,减少部件,探讨了单电机进行双边操纵控制的新方案。文中主要介绍微机操纵控制系统的硬件、软件设计。     

绳系卫星系统的运动与控制

绳系卫星系统的运动与控制分析,是绳系卫星应用的基础。本文的数学模型考虑了作用在子星、主星及系绳上的空气阻力以及在伸展与收回阶段主星与系绳之间的质量传递,给出了相应的具体的计算式。应用该数学模型,本文对现有的几种主要控制法,进行了模拟计算,作出评审意见。     

半球形伞流固耦合工程算法

降落伞流固耦合模拟非常难以实现,而一些工程设计任务要求迅速高效地完成.为了适应该要求,针对稳定下降阶段的半球形伞,提出了一种流固耦合工程算法.以轴对称伞形为伞衣初始形状,通过流场模拟得到结构模拟所需的伞衣压力系数分布,通过结构模拟得到新的伞衣外形,如此循环,直到伞衣中幅线和伞绳外形趋于稳定为止.结果表明,伞衣外形能迅速收敛,该方法能满足工程设计要求.     

可变绳长绳系卫星系统的一种简单张力控制策略

为了简化绳系卫星系统(TSS)的控制,对已有的设计方法进行了改进,提出了一种新的控制律设计方法。根据TSS的动力学方程构造线性自治系统,对释放、滞留和回收过程做统一处理,由线性自治系统的稳定理论导出线性反馈控制律,并对控制参数的取值进行了讨论;然后针对回收过程,通过设计平衡点参数得到了一种分段回收控制方案。仿真算例表明,文中采用的设计方法对于圆轨道和近圆轨道TSS的释放、滞留和回收过程都有较好的适应性。     

可压缩弹射出伞模型及仿真

火工装置常用于降落伞的强制开伞。针对柔性降落伞织物的可压缩特性,建立了弹射筒可压缩弹射出伞模型并开展了仿真计算,仿真结果与传统刚性模型进行了对比,表明可压缩弹性模型与实验数据更吻合,具有更高的准确性。同时研究了火工药剂参数、弹射筒几何结构及伞包材料特性对弹射力、伞包拉力及弹射速度的影响,发现火工装置初始容腔增大或活塞尺寸减小均会降低弹射推力;而伞包材料弹性使伞包受力小于并滞后于顶盖受力,伞包弹性越好,包装密度越小,越有利于降低顶盖速度和伞包受力。本文的可压缩弹射出伞模型为火工装置及伞包设计提供了一种新的设计分析思路。     

视觉导引受限下空间绳系机器人最优逼近控制

针对空间绳系机器人对目标逼近过程中单目视觉视线角约束和导航信息不全问题,首先建立空间绳系机器人系统动力学模型。然后考虑抓捕器视线角约束,采用高斯伪谱法对空间绳系机器人逼近任务姿轨轨迹进行一体规划。同时设计无需相对目标距离的闭环控制器实现对空间绳系机器人最优姿轨轨迹进行跟踪控制。仿真结果表明,该方案能够克服视觉导引受限的影响,实现空间绳系机器人对位姿最优轨迹的精确跟踪。     

基于冲量定理的高速空投假人最大动载计算模型研究

假人高速空投试验旨在评估开伞过程中人体所受最大动载,由于该试验重复性差、成本高,有必要建 立计算模型为系统设计提供理论依据。基于冲量定理建立最大动载计算模型,计算特定空投条件下假人最大 动载;选取某典型假人高速空投系统作为算例,开展基于多体动力学的系统仿真,并根据仿真结果确定计算模 型的关键参数,给出最大动载计算模型的数学表达式。结果表明:本文模型可以快速有效确定假人最大动载, 评估救生伞系统安全性,具有较高的工程应用价值。