基于Fibonacci搜索方法的航空发动机性能寻优

介绍了Fibonacci搜索方法应用于发动机性能优化中的原理,建立带两个出口面积、气流马赫数可变的引射器的涡喷发动机的总体性能计算模型,应用Fibonacci搜索方法在优化参数区间内对该发动机进行了最大推力、最低油耗、最低涡轮前温度模式的寻优.举例说明了Fibonacci搜索方法应用的具体过程.给出了不同高度、马赫数下的寻优结果.结果表明:最优目标性能满足的约束边界与飞行高度、马赫数密切相关.不同的飞行高度、马赫数对应了不同的最优控制策略.但不论飞行任务如何,根据该方法进行的优化控制所获得的目标性能是最佳的.该优化方法不仅适用于该类涡喷发动机,也为其他类型航空发动机的优化控制打下一定的基础.      

引入压力梯度的针对角区分离流动的Spalart-Allmaras模型的改进

针对Spalart-Allmaras（S-A）模型在角区分离计算中的问题,将无量纲的压力梯度引入其涡黏性输运方程的生成项,得到了改进的S-A模型.通过对两套含角区分离的低速压气机叶栅进行验证计算发现:与实验结果相比,原始S-A模型所得的分离区偏大,分离区内壁面压力偏低;而改进模型得到了与实验一致的分离区尺寸以及吸力面、压力面压力系数分布等结果.针对S-A模型涡黏性生成项和耗散项的分析表明:引入的无量纲压力梯度有效的识别了角区分离,在分离区内改变了涡黏性的生成、耗散关系,增大了涡黏性,从而缩小了计算所得分离区,同时在主流区保留了原始S-A模型的计算结果,进而带来了良好的改进效果.      

Analyses toward factors influencing sealing clearance of a metal rubber seal and derivation of a calculation formula

Sealing clearance is a key factor for a metal rubber seal’s sealability. The expansion coef-ficient and expansion deformation in the radial direction of metal rubber have been obtained through a thermal expansion experiment of metal rubber. The influence of the elastic modulus to the sealing clearance has been analyzed theoretically. By combining the temperature and elasticity factors of metal rubber with the elastic mechanics theory, the calculation formula of the sealing clearance has been derived, and the values of the sealing clearance and the leakage rate in certain working conditions have been calculated. Experimental results are consistent with calculation results in a high degree. The calculation formula of the sealing clearance can explain the influences of the temperature and elastic modulus factors of metal rubber on the sealing clearance. It can pro-vide guidance for the study of sealing mechanism of metal rubber seals.     

热压罐成型过程中框架式模具温度场模拟与分析

为了研究复合材料构件成型模具温度场,本文以某型飞机壁板的热压罐固化工艺为例,通过模型简化,利用FLUENT等仿真软件建立模具温度场的数值模拟模型,并将模拟数据与实验数据进行对比。结果表明二者平均相对误差为7. 4%。此外通过仿真模拟一组以支撑板厚度为变量的实例,两组以U、V两个方向的支撑板厚度为变量的对照组,通过判断模具型板表面温度方差大小,研究了支撑板厚度对模具温度场分布的影响规律。结果表明,模具温度场的均匀性随着支撑板厚度的增加而逐渐降低,其中U向支撑板厚度的变化对温度场均匀性的影响比V向大。     

300M钢激光熔覆耐磨防腐自润滑涂层温度场数值模拟研究

为了提高飞机起落架减震支柱300M超高强钢的抗磨性能,突破由于温度梯度过大诱发的激光熔覆耐磨防腐自润滑涂层裂纹等技术瓶颈,基于ANSYS软件的生死单元法编制热循环程序,考虑自润滑相和耐磨相材料热物性参数随温度的变化、相变潜热、激光熔覆过程中与外界的换热、激光熔覆功率、激光熔覆扫描速率等因素对激光熔覆过程温度场、熔池、温度梯度的影响,建立300M超高强钢激光熔覆耐磨防腐自润滑涂层温度仿真模型。结果表明:基体的熔化需要激光、熔化的粉末等综合作用使传导到该区域的有效能量达到熔化的临界值,熔化高度增加率随激光功率的增加先降低后增加,熔化高度减少率随激光扫描速率的增加先变小后变大;由于激光熔覆的不同区域温度、冷却速率差异等综合因素影响,熔覆层熔池的纵截面为勺状熔池;伴随激光功率的增加,由于熔覆层不同区域对能量输入产生的温度响应速率差异导致Z方向温度梯度值增加,且最大冷却速率增加;伴随激光扫描速率的增加,激光输入能量降低,降低了高温区域温度及激光的快速局部加热等综合影响,Z方向温度梯度值降低。通过调控激光参数,在保持熔覆层结合强度的条件下,基体熔凝区能被控制到最小,并能够降低温度梯度。     

接受孔形状对预旋供气系统内气流流动影响研究

为对比不同形状接受孔的预旋系统内气流流动特性,通过数值模拟方法,对带有不同形状接受孔的预旋系统进行了研究。研究发现:收缩型接受孔入口截面气流流通面积较大,相对速度较小,在预旋系统中的性能最优,其次是类梯型,最后是直孔型。同一旋转雷诺数下,带收缩型接受孔的预旋系统无量纲温降较直孔型提高5.8%,总压损失系数降低3.0%。三种类型接受孔的预旋系统无量纲温降和总压损失系数均随进出口压比的增加而增大,在相同压比下,收缩型接受孔预旋系统无量纲温降最大,总压损失系数最小。     

Mesh-dependence of Material with Softening Behavior

The issue of mesh-dependence emerges when the conventional continuum damage model is applied to handling the softening behavior. In order to circumvent the mesh-dependence, the non-local theory is introduced into the conventional damage model and the finite element formulas are derived for two-dimensional gradient-enhanced damage model. A new element is proposed in which the basic unknown quantities are displacement, non-local equivalent strain and the gradient of non-local equivalent strain. The element and constitutive equation proposed in this article are added to the finite element software ABAQUS through user subroutine UEL. Numerical results show that the gradient-enhanced damage model can eliminate the mesh-dependence and is effective for dealing with the issue of softening behavior.     

终端区点融合进近程序设计方法研究

流量的增长导致终端区拥挤和航班延误,增大了管制压力和公司成本.以长沙黄花国际机场36号跑道为例,空城受限,4条航线汇聚一点,梯度曲折多变,航班排序难,指挥复杂度高.结合我国飞行程序设计和管制间隔要求,根据点融合的基本概念,设计跑道点融合进近程序,确定相关参数.对程序进行容量和下降梯度评估表明,静态容量可达到63架次/h,是当前运行最大流量的3.7倍;下降梯度得到明显改善,为连续下降实施奠定了基础.     

Temperature comparison between CHAMP radio occultation and TIMED/SABER measurements in the lower stratosphere

Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver on the CHAllenging Mini-satellite Payload (CHAMP) and the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument, one of four on board the TIMED satellite, provide middle atmosphere temperature profiles by Radio Occultation (RO) and limb viewing infrared emission measurements, respectively. These temperature profiles retrieved by two different techniques in the stratosphere are compared with each other using more than 1300 correlative profiles in March, September and December 2005. The over-all mean differences averaged over 15 and 35 km are approximately −2 K and standard deviation is less than 3 K. Below 20 km of altitude, relatively small mean temperature differences ∼1 K are observed in wide latitudinal range except for June (during the SABER nighttime observation). In the middle to low latitudes, between 30°S and 30°N, the temperature difference increases with height from ∼0–1 K at 15 km, to ∼−4 K at 35 km of altitude. Large temperature differences about −4 to −6 K are observed between 60°S and 30°N and 31–35 km of altitude for all months and between 0° and 30°N below 16 km during June (nighttime).