基于TBS 的航空发动机技术风险识别方法研究

为提升中国航空发动机研制项目中技术风险的管控能力,根据航空发动机的研制特点,提出1种基于技术分解结构的航空发动机技术风险识别方法。该方法涵盖技术分解结构的构建方式、技术风险的识别方法和排序方法等内容,通过在实际发动机研制项目中的应用,证明该方法有效、可行,能够实现技术风险完整、合理地识别,同时提出了该方法在应用过程中应注意基于TBS的技术风险识别为动态过程等问题,为中国航空发动机研制行业技术风险的识别提供参考。     

我国深空探测对航天材料及工艺的需求

随着我国首次月球采样返回和火星探测器"天问一号"任务的圆满完成,我国深空探测进入了新的发展阶段。本文首先对我国深空探测的现状和发展趋势进行了分析,进而对深空探测面临的极端温度、强太阳电磁辐射、强粒子辐射、尘与尘暴、酸性大气等环境及对深空探测任务的影响进行了梳理,进而从材料及结构的轻量化、高效热控制、可靠的辐射防护与抗辐射能力、提供可持续的能源、具有较强的耐腐蚀性能、具有较好抗尘与尘暴损伤性能、在轨组装与制造等角度梳理了深空探测对航天材料与工艺的需求,最后从轻质结构机构材料、高效热控制材料、组合辐射防护及耐辐射材料、耐腐蚀材料、耐尘与尘暴材料、高可靠能源材料、3D/4D打印技术等方面给出了深空探测材料与工艺的发展方向。     

Space law education in China: Status quo,shortcomings and possible ways out

Space law education has an essential role in the space capacity building of a country because of its importance for human resources development in space law. Comparisons between Canada and China, the European Union and China and the United States of America (USA) and China in space law degree education, course, teaching methodology, institute and practice and communication platform are provided in an attempt to review some issues which exist within the Chinese space law educational system and to seek a better choice for China’s space law education reform. Chinese space law education has achieved noticeable progress over the past two decades. However, it is still limited in comparison to its counterparts in Europe and Northern America. The range of the space law degree education programmes and space-law-related courses is comparatively limited. A gap remains between space law education and practice in China. Chinese space law classes are still dominated by the teacher-centred teaching methodology, although several universities have some new teaching practices. The establishment of seven space law-related research institutes plays an increasingly important role in Chinese space law education, space law and policy research and legal advisory services for the Chinese government and non-governmental sectors. However, these institutes still have a long way to go in comparison with their counterparts in Europe and Northern America. While China has established domestic research platforms for space law communication through international cooperation, it does not provide space law practice platforms for space law education. While international space law does not provide a direct legal foundation for space law education in China, Chinese educational laws can lay a profound legal foundation for Chinese space law education. To promote its national expertise and capacity in space law, based on the three-pillar model and the experiences of its counterparts in North America and Europe, China should adopt a systematic and sustainable regime for its space law education.     

LED照明技术在飞机外部照明系统中的应用分析

外部照明是飞机照明系统的一个重要组成部分,在飞机起飞、巡航、着陆等过程中为其提供空中信息。外部照明对灯具的性能要求很高,如高强度、抗振动、长寿命、高可靠性等,且不同灯具实现不同功能,有特定的光分布要求,而采用传统光源的外部照明难以满足这些不断提高的技术要求。LED照明具有高亮度、低功耗、长寿命等技术优势,有助于促进飞机外部照明技术更好的发展。对LED照明技术及飞机外部照明系统的特点进行了分析,探讨了LED照明技术在飞机外部照明系统中的应用优势与前景。     

铝合金振动疲劳同步测量技术研究

随着振动试验技术的不断进步,振动疲劳试验拥有了良好的试验基础,能够进行各种环境下的振动疲劳模拟试验,但目前振动疲劳的测量方法还无法满足振动疲劳试验深入研究的需求。提出铝合金振动疲劳同步测量的方法,同时采用红外监测技术、声发射技术、显微测试技术、应变测试技术等对不同加速度下的铝合金振动疲劳试样进行测量,研究各种测量参数随损伤的变化情况。结果表明:铝合金振动疲劳不同阶段应主要考虑不同的测量参数作为判断损伤的依据,声发射信号可以很好检测到铝合金振动疲劳的裂纹萌生和扩展寿命,红外测得的温升值随着加速度增大是非线性的,铝合金振动疲劳寿命依赖于结构振动频率、阻尼等参数。