Biobjective planning of GEO debris removal mission with multiple servicing spacecrafts

The mission planning of GEO debris removal with multiple servicing spacecrafts (SScs) is studied in this paper. Specifically, the SScs are considered to be initially on the GEO belt, and they should rendezvous with debris of different orbital slots and different inclinations, remove them to the graveyard orbit and finally return to their initial locations. Three key problems should be resolved here: task assignment, mission sequence planning and transfer trajectory optimization for each SSc. The minimum-cost, two-impulse phasing maneuver is used for each rendezvous. The objective is to find a set of optimal planning schemes with minimum fuel cost and travel duration. Considering this mission as a hybrid optimal control problem, a mathematical model is proposed. A modified multi-objective particle swarm optimization is employed to address the model. Numerous examples are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the model and solution method. In this paper, single-SSc and multiple-SSc scenarios with the same amount of fuel are compared. Numerous experiments indicate that for a definite GEO debris removal mission, that which alternative (single-SSc or multiple-SSc) is better (cost less fuel and consume less travel time) is determined by many factors. Although in some cases, multiple-SSc scenarios may perform worse than single-SSc scenarios, the extra costs are considered worth the gain in mission safety and robustness.     

Criteria for developing and testing Transparency and Confidence-Building Measures (TCBMs) for outer space activities

Space systems play an important role in sustaining the development, prosperity and security of many nations. As more nations become critically reliant on space systems, questions of maintaining safety and strategic stability in outer space have come to the fore. Transparency and Confidence-Building Measures (TCBMs) for outer space activities have an important role to play in providing clarity about the intentions of States and in articulating norms of behaviour in outer space. TCBMs take several forms. They may be the elaboration of basic principles related to the exploration and use of outer space, political measures related to establishing norms of conduct, information-sharing activities to improve the transparency of outer space activities, operational practices which demonstrate a commitment to mutual cooperation in outer space, or consultative mechanisms. We present an analytical framework for evaluating potential TCBMs and illustrate the application of this framework to examples of potential operational, regulatory, treaty-based and declaratory TCBMs.     

适用于遥感器遮光罩的复合材料及工艺研究

针对空间遥感器系统的发展演变,分析了遮光罩所用材料体系的变化情况,重点总结了高性能纤维增强树脂基复合材料在空间遥感器遮光罩中的应用情况。从工程化应用水平来看,目前尚处于在替代传统材料满足型号产品需求的较低阶段,本文简要归纳了其中存在的主要问题。针对蜂窝夹层结构、光阑结构、薄壁壳体结构等不同类型的空间遥感器遮光罩,本文介绍了其所适用的复合材料及其成型工艺。同时,结合材料选择、设计工艺性、工艺设计等工程化应用中的关键环节,作了尝试性地探讨,并对高性能纤维增强树脂基复合材料的实际应用效果进行了评价。最后,就未来空间遥感器系统的发展对材料工艺的需求作了展望。     

基于多相机的空间机械臂视觉系统

视觉系统是空间机械臂的重要组成部分,空间机械臂除开环控制外的所有工作模式都不能离开视觉系统的引导和辅助而独立实现。文章以建立满足空间机械臂实际应用需求的视觉系统为目标,提出通过分布在不同空间位置的多个相机的协同工作扩展并增强视觉系统的监视和测量能力,并从系统组成、工作模式、测量方式等多方面完成空间机械臂视觉系统方案设计。仿真试验结果表明,目标三维位姿的测量误差与视觉标记点检测结果的误差近似成线性关系,视觉标记点检测的准确性对目标位姿测量的精度具有重要影响。室内环境试验结果表明,在视觉系统的引导下机械臂能够自主完成对目标的定位和捕获,视觉系统满足空间机械臂大范围运动和精准操作任务的应用需求。     

空间目标编目维持中的观测需求确定方法研究

针对空间目标探测中观测计划制定业务面临的目标观测需求确定问题,首先分析影响目标观测需求确定的因素,据此进行精度指标确定分析,然后结合一类目标,在进行“圈／站／天”组合精度分析的基础上,提出动态观测需求确定方法,并阐述其运行机制。     

微重力条件下热管吸热器瞬态热分析

基于微重力条件下的导热控制微分方程,采用焓法对热管吸热器相变材料容器进行了二维数值建模与仿真,在同时考虑空穴和相变的情况下,对微重力条件下蓄热单元相变传热进行了模拟计算,分析了空穴率对蓄热容器内部的温度场和热性能的影响,并将计算结果同美国航空航天局（NASA）方案热管吸热器蓄热单元相变传热计算结果进行了比较,验证了文中微重力条件下计算模型的合理性与准确性。研究结果表明：空穴影响着蓄热单元相变的进程,空穴的存在增加了容器内部的温度梯度,使得容器的蓄热能力降低;由于热管径向温差较小,热管壁温在相变材料熔点附近变化较小,从而在一定程度上能缓解热斑和热松脱现象。     

多旋转关节空间太阳能电站概念方案设计

对于国际上典型的空间太阳能电站概念方案进行了分析,在此基础上提出了一种新的概念方案--多旋转关节空间太阳能电站,并给出总体构型和主要分系统初步方案设计结果。该方案采用多个相互独立的太阳电池子阵代替了传统的整体式太阳电池阵,以多个中等功率的导电旋转关节替代传统的极高功率的旋转关节,不仅解决了传统空间太阳能电站方案中的极大功率导电旋转关节技术难题,还可以避免导电关节的单点失效问题,模块化的设计也使得系统的组装和构建更加可行。     

基于等效质量的太空机械臂多体系统碰撞分析

从等效质量角度出发,针对不同的操作环境,提出多体系统离散碰撞动力学建模及连续碰撞动力学建模方法,并分析碰撞对系统造成的影响。首先,由系统动力学方程及能量方程推导出太空机械臂末端等效质量,在此基础上,针对刚/柔环境,分别建立多体系统离散碰撞动力学模型和连续碰撞动力学模型,并针对七种连续碰撞模型提出选取标准,以便更真实地模拟实际碰撞过程。最后,以典型的太空七自由度机械臂为例开展仿真试验,两种方法的对比结果校验了该算法的正确性。     

空间物理过程时空协同探测的覆盖分析方法研究

针对空间物理过程时空协同探测任务的定量化探测覆盖分析需求, 在采用时空相关函数方法描述和分析空间物理时空过程的基础上, 提出一种基于θ-t_R覆盖图的探测覆盖分析方法. 通过分析不同设计方案在一定累计时间周期内的θ-t_R覆盖图, 根据其覆盖范围的不同选择所需要的设计方案. 采用该方法对两条共轨道面椭圆轨道的时空协同探测过程进行了定量的覆盖分析, 验证了该方法的有效性.      

Fuel-optimal deorbit scheme of space debris using tethered space-tug based on pseudospectral method

This paper proposes a fuel-optimal deorbit scheme for space debris deorbit using tethered space tug. The scheme contains three stages named respectively as dragging, maintenance and swinging. In the first stage, the tug, propelled by continuous thrust, tows deorbit to a transfer orbit with a tether. Then in the second stage, the combination of the tug and the debris flies unpowered and uncontrolled to a swing point on the transfer orbit. Finally, in the third stage, the tug is propelled at the swing point and the rotation speed of the tethered system increases such that the debris obtains enough velocity increment. The trajectory optimization of the first stage is established considering the total fuel consumption of the three stages, whereas the dynamic model is simplified for computation efficiency. The solution to the optimal problem is obtained using a direct method based on Gauss pesudospectral discretization. Then a model predictive controller is designed to track the open-loop optimal reference trajectories, reducing the states’ deviations caused by model simplification and ignorance of perturbations. Furthermore, it is proved that the fuel-optimal swing point is the apogee of the transfer orbit. The paper analyzes the fuel consumption of a typical scenario and demonstrates effectiveness of the proposed deorbit scheme numerically.