一种新型机载对地观测用三轴稳定平台陀螺安装方式

陀螺安装方式及相应的算法编排是稳定平台设计中的一项关键技术。针对机载对地观测用三轴稳定平台特点,提出了将方位陀螺安装在方位环上,俯仰陀螺和横滚陀螺安装在俯仰环上的陀螺安装方式。利用空间矢量分解理论分析了陀螺输出角速度信号的投影关系及电机控制信号的分配;基于稳定平台系统模型,对理想正交情况和考虑陀螺安装误差情况进行了仿真分析,验证了此种安装方式的可行性和优越性。分析表明,在同等条件下,所提出的安装方式减小了稳定平台的机械尺寸,降低了稳定平台的重量和功耗,实现了三维角速度的正交测量,简化了三轴解耦控制算法。研究结论可为其他三轴稳定平台结构设计和陀螺安装方式设计提供参考。     

基于视觉的飞行器运动参数串行式递归估计

针对利用视觉方法进行飞行器运动参数估计中旋转与平移参数耦合及计算量大的问题 ,设计了一种适用于递归方法的串行式运动参数估计模型。证明了旋转运动参数的估计不依 赖于平移参数,据此建立了基于特征线的旋转运动参数估计模型,进而设计了串行式运动参 数估计模型。给出并证明了利用该模型进行运动参数估计时解的唯一性结论。仿真实验和实 测试验表明：相对于集中式模型,使用串行式递归模型进行飞行器运动参数估计时计算耗时 减小、姿态精度更高、鲁棒性更强。
     

一种水下航行体运动参数测量系统的设计

针对航行体水下试验的要求,设计了一种水下航行体运动参数测量系统。从该系统的原理算法、硬件设计和软件设计等方面进行了详细的阐述。该系统以采用硅微传感器的姿态测量系统（以下简称MTi）作为惯性测量组合,导航计算机采集MTi中的加速度计、陀螺和磁力计的原始传感器数据,结合捷联惯导四元数算法更新姿态矩阵,对航行体的姿态、速度、位置进行实时解算并存储解算结果,试验结束后通过上位机对试验数据进行读取。该测量系统多次应用于航行体的水下试验,获得了航行体水下运动参数。经试验验证,该测量系统性能可靠,可以满足水下航行体的运动参数测量的需求。     

基于Transformer层次预测的多星应急观测任务规划方法

应急观测任务规划是一个强时效性的复杂组合优化问题,必须在规定的时限内完成相应的计算。采用机器学习的方法对规划问题进行初始规划方案预测,可以有效地简化计算复杂度。为此,提出一种基于Transformer层次预测的多星应急观测任务规划方法,将多星任务规划的求解过程分解为3个步骤：首先,利用基于Transformer的任务可调度性预测模型预测待规划任务是否执行,得到预执行任务集合;然后,基于Transformer的任务分配模型对预执行任务集合分配卫星,得到初始规划方案;最后,利用基于随机爬山的约束修正算法对初始规划方案进行优化调整,得到可行规划方案。为验证所提方法的有效性,通过大量仿真实验与CPLEX优化器、标准遗传算法、长短期记忆网络等方法模型进行比较,实验结果表明所提方法计算耗时短,规划收益高,适用于多星观测任务快速规划。     

Adaptive path planning for unmanned aerial vehicles based on bi-level programming and variable planning time interval

This paper presents an adaptive path planner for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to adapt a real-time path search procedure to variations and fluctuations of UAVs’ relevant performances, with respect to sensory capability, maneuverability, and flight velocity limit. On the basis of a novel adaptability-involved problem statement, bi-level programming (BLP) and variable planning step techniques are introduced to model the necessary path planning components and then an adaptive path planner is developed for the purpose of adaptation and optimization. Additionally, both probabilistic-risk-based obstacle avoidance and performance limits are described as path search constraints to guarantee path safety and navigability. A discrete-search-based path planning solution, embedded with four optimization strategies, is especially designed for the planner to efficiently generate optimal flight paths in complex operational spaces, within which different surface-to-air missiles (SAMs) are deployed. Simulation results in challenging and stochastic scenarios firstly demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed planner, and then verify its great adaptability and relative stability when planning optimal paths for a UAV with changing or fluctuating performances.     

小型无人机伞降回收运动分析CSCD

针对小型无人机伞降回收的特点,研究了在无人机回收过程中,飞机及降落伞系统的运动轨迹及姿态。通过分析机伞间的力学关系,建立了机伞系统运动模型,并进行了仿真分析,给出了无风情况下回收运动的仿真结果。结果表明,系统能够满足无人机回收要求,可以决定最佳的回收参数,从而得到最优回收轨迹和姿态。     

AZ31镁合金早期力学性能退化非线性超声检测

针对镁合金材料早期力学性能退化问题,研究发展了一套可靠的非线性超声系数的测量实验系统,利用该系统测量了AZ31镁合金拉伸和疲劳试件的超声非线性系数.实验结果表明,在拉伸试件进入塑性应变阶段,疲劳试件在疲劳寿命的55%左右之前,超声非线性系数对镁合金材料力学性能退化具有很高的灵敏度.同时利用光学显微镜对拉伸试件的位错滑移...     

Feasibility of performing space surveillance tasks with a proposed space-based optical architecture

Under ESA contract an industrial consortium including Aboa Space Research Oy (ASRO), the Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern (AIUB), and the Dutch National Aerospace Laboratory (NLR), proposed the observation concept, developed a suitable sensor architecture, and assessed the performance of a space-based optical (SBO) telescope in 2005. The goal of the SBO study was to analyse how the existing knowledge gap in the space debris population in the millimetre and centimetre regime may be closed by means of a passive optical instrument. The SBO instrument was requested to provide statistical information on the space debris population in terms of number of objects and size distribution. The SBO instrument was considered to be a cost-efficient with 20 cm aperture and 6° field-of-view and having flexible integration requirements. It should be possible to integrate the SBO instrument easily as a secondary payload on satellites launched into low-Earth orbits (LEO), or into geostationary orbit (GEO). Thus the selected mission concept only allowed for fix-mounted telescopes, and the pointing direction could be requested freely. Since 2007 ESA focuses space surveillance and tracking activities in the Space Situational Awareness (SSA) preparatory program. Ground-based radars and optical telescopes are studied for the build-up and maintenance of a catalogue of objects. In this paper we analyse how the proposed SBO architecture could contribute to the space surveillance tasks survey and tracking. We assume that the SBO instrumentation is placed into a circular sun-synchronous orbit at 800 km altitude. We discuss the observation conditions of objects at higher altitude, and select an orbit close to the terminator plane. A pointing of the sensor orthogonal to the orbital plane with optimal elevation slightly in positive direction (0° and +5°) is found optimal for accessing the entire GEO regime within one day, implying a very good coverage of controlled objects in GEO, too. Simulations using ESA’s Program for Radar and Optical Observation Forecasting (PROOF) in the version 2005 and a GEO reference population extracted from DISCOS revealed that the proposed pointing scenario provides low phase angles together with low angular velocities of the objects crossing the field-of-view. Radiometric simulations show that the optimal exposure time is 1–2 s, and that spherical objects in GEO with a diameter of below 1 m can be detected. The GEO population can be covered under proper illumination nearly completely, but seasonal drops of the coverage are possible. Subsequent observations of objects are on average at least every 1.5 days, not exceeding 3 days at maximum. A single observation arc spans 3° to 5° on average. Using a simulation environment that connects PROOF to AIUB’s program system CelMech we verify the consistency of the initial orbit determination for five selected test objects on subsequent days as a function of realistic astrometric noise levels. The initial orbit determination is possible. We define requirements for a correlator process essential for catalogue build-up and maintenance. Each single observation should provide an astrometric accuracy of at least 1”–1.5” so that the initially determined orbits are consistent within a few hundred kilometres for the semi-major axis, 0.01 for the eccentricity, and 0.1° for the inclination.     

确定无陀螺卫星姿态的二阶非线性滤波算法研究

应用基于二阶泰勒级数近似得到的非线性滤波技术，设计了利用星敏感器矢量观测信息确定无陀螺三轴稳定卫星姿态的二阶非线性滤波算法，结合矢量观测的特点，分别讨论了单矢量观测信息与多矢量观测信息的处理方法，并把QUEST算法作为矢量观测数据压缩技术有效地结合进姿态估计器中，使得多矢量观测情况下的滤波修正算法得到了简化，仿真测试结果证明，二阶非线性姿态估计器的滤波性能要优于的扩展卡尔曼滤波姿态估计算法。     

Sumbandilasat—An operational technology demonstrator

Technology advances in sensor, digital technology and a standardised modular satellite bus are enabling a new generation of 80 kg micro-satellites with a better than 6.5 m GSD multi-spectral performance, to be specified, built and deployed with a dedicated launch within 12 months. The result of the standardised modular bus is lower cost, higher reliability and fast deployment. Operational remote sensing with a micro-satellite is thus within reach of individual organisations for dedicated missions. Sumbandilasat (pioneer in the Venda language) is a second generation satellite technology building on the expertise obtained in the Sunsat small satellite programme. The components used to build Sumbandilasat are the result of a technology development program of more than 3 years. Sumbandilasat is an operational technology demonstrator with more than 90% newly developed or improved subsystems and a compact refractive imager as a precursor to the MSMISat satellite with the same multi-spectral band set. The scalable, standardised modular satellite bus architecture enables satellites with a mass of 80–450 kg to be adapted to the specific mission requirements with minimum new engineering effort.