Human and robotic repair of a solar array wing during ISS assembly mission 10A

With the installation of a new module and the relocation of three other modules, including multiple hand-offs from the station arm (SSRMS) to the shuttle arm (SRMS), International Space Station (ISS) assembly mission 10A/STS-120 was anticipated to be one of the most complicated ISS assembly missions ever attempted. The assembly operations became even more complex when a solar array wing (SAW) on the relocated Port-6 (P6) truss segment ripped while being extended. Repairing the torn SAW became the single most important objective for the remainder of STS-120, with future ISS assembly missions threatened by reduced power generation capacity if the SAW could not be repaired. Precise coordination between the space shuttle and ISS robotics teams led to an operational concept that combined the capabilities of the SRMS and SSRMS robotic systems in ways far beyond their original design capacities. Benefits of consistent standards for ISS robotic interfaces have been previously identified, but the advantages of having two such versatile and compatible robotic systems have never been quite so spectacular. This paper describes the role of robotics in the emergency SAW repair and highlights how versatility within space robotics systems can allow operations far beyond the intended design scenarios.     

Sleep and cognitive function of crewmembers and mission controllers working 24-h shifts during a simulated 105-day spaceflight mission

The success of long-duration space missions depends on the ability of crewmembers and mission support specialists to be alert and maintain high levels of cognitive function while operating complex, technical equipment. We examined sleep, nocturnal melatonin levels and cognitive function of crewmembers and the sleep and cognitive function of mission controllers who participated in a high-fidelity 105-day simulated spaceflight mission at the Institute of Biomedical Problems (Moscow). Crewmembers were required to perform daily mission duties and work one 24-h extended duration work shift every sixth day. Mission controllers nominally worked 24-h extended duration shifts. Supplemental lighting was provided to crewmembers and mission controllers. Participants' sleep was estimated by wrist-actigraphy recordings. Overall, results show that crewmembers and mission controllers obtained inadequate sleep and exhibited impaired cognitive function, despite countermeasure use, while working extended duration shifts. Crewmembers averaged 7.04±0.92 h (mean±SD) and 6.94±1.08 h (mean±SD) in the two workdays prior to the extended duration shifts, 1.88±0.40 h (mean±SD) during the 24-h work shift, and then slept 10.18±0.96 h (mean±SD) the day after the night shift. Although supplemental light was provided, crewmembers’ average nocturnal melatonin levels remained elevated during extended 24-h work shifts. Naps and caffeine use were reported by crewmembers during ∼86% and 45% of extended night work shifts, respectively. Even with reported use of wake-promoting countermeasures, significant impairments in cognitive function were observed. Mission controllers slept 5.63±0.95 h (mean±SD) the night prior to their extended duration work shift. On an average, 89% of night shifts included naps with mission controllers sleeping an average of 3.4±1.0 h (mean±SD) during the 24-h extended duration work shift. Mission controllers also showed impaired cognitive function during extended duration work shifts.These findings indicate that extended duration work shifts present a significant challenge to crewmembers and mission support specialists during long-duration space mission operations. Future research is needed to evaluate the efficacy of alternative work schedules and the development and implementation of more effective countermeasures will be required to maintain high levels of performance.     

浅谈机队发动机换发计划管理

航空公司机队发动机换发计划管理是发动机工程管理的有机组成部分，换发计划管理需要细致考量影响的因素，并结合实际进行优化调整。     

通用飞机批产项目进度计划体系研究与构建

以某型通用飞机产品为例,阐述其批产项目进度计划体系构建过程,实现批产项目进度计划管理的规范化、精细化、信息化,并建立一套适用于通用航空制造企业高效率、低成本的批产项目进度计划管理方法.     

国际企业年金制度的发展趋势及其对我国的启示

国际企业年金制度正在从现收现付制向基金积累制转型，从单一的国家养老金向基本养老金、企业年金和个人养老储蓄金相结合的三支柱模式转型，从政府集中统一管理模式向企业年金投资模式转型，企业年金制度的受益形式也正在从待遇确定型向缴费确定型转型。我国在建立企业年金制度时，应重点考虑以下几个方面：（1）应允许缴费确定型模式和待遇确定型模式的共存和竞争，鼓励实行各种混合型模式计划，增强制度的适应性；（2）应对企业年金给予有条件免税，在制定企业年金税制时应深入考虑缴费环节、投资环节和领取环节；（3）政府应用法律手段对企业年金进行宏观调控和规范，最大限度控制企业年金制度的运行风险；（4）企业年金应坚持以信托型为基本模式，吸取公司型的优点，包容基金型和契约型，走结合型创新的道路。     

计算机飞行计划系统的设计与实现

介绍了计算机飞行计划系统的设计和实现过程,给出了实现该系统的软硬件环境,说明了其中的一些关键技术和解决方案,同时,还介绍了该系统的主要功能,并对进一步的工作和这项技术的应用前景作了展望。     

基于非精确计算的空间探测相控阵雷达任务规划算法

针对空间探测相控阵雷达系统，提出了一种新的基于非精确计算模型的观测任务规划算法。首先，建立了目标观测的实时任务模型，并分析了观测任务所占用传感器的资源；其次，基于非精确计算模型，提出一种多任务并行的实时容错调度算法来解决观测任务规划问题，该算法综合考虑相控阵雷达的搜索任务与跟踪任务，来进行系统资源的分配。对于跟踪任务，算法结合目标的过境时间以及当前系统的负载情况，以此来确定雷达对该目标的观测时间段；最后给出了算法的评估方法。利用2886个低轨空间目标进行仿真验证，结果表明，基于非精确计算模型的任务规划算法，可显著提高系统调度成功率以及时间资源利用率．比传统方法更稳健。     

布雷顿和卡诺热机循环性能比较(Ⅰ)定常态流恒温热源循环

研究定常态恒温热源热机循环性能，导出内可逆卡诺热机和布雷顿热机的最佳功率、效率关系和最大功率及相应的效率界限，并对这两种热机循环的最优性能进行了比较。理论分析表明，只有当工质的热容率趋于无穷大时，布雷顿循环才能达到卡诺循环的性能。数值计算显示，当布雷顿循环的工质热容率为高、低温侧换热器的热导率总量的1．5倍时，布雷顿循环的功率已为卡诺循环功率的99％以上。     

基于粒子群优化算法的飞机维修计划编制优化

针对国内航空公司的维修生产管理,分析了维修计划的编制流程,建立了相应的整数规划数学模型,该模型采用维修停场损失、维修加班费用和维修外包费用的和作为目标函数,可用于混合机型机队的定检维修计划的制定。同时分析研究了粒子群优化算法,并采用该算法对模型进行求解。数据仿真结果表明,建立的模型和求解算法切实可行。     

军用飞行器航迹规划综述

介绍了军用飞行器航迹规划的基本概念，航迹规划与任务规划的关系，国内外研究现状，存在的问题，论述了航迹规划的基本要求，如导航要求，突防要求，飞行器性能要求及战略和战术要求，最后分析了航迹规划需要解决的威胁建模，航迹规划算法和轨迹跟踪控制等关键技术。