钢的马氏体相变

热处理的淬火工艺对材料性能有着很重要的影响，对淬火组织马氏体的认识尤显重要，通过对马氏体相变的深刻分析与研究，能更进一步认识马氏体的本质。特别是希望马氏体相变在更高的温度下完成，这对减小淬火变形和裂纹有着十分重要的意义。     

火星进入器高空稀薄气动特性

针对火星稀薄大气环境进入器气动特性问题,以类火星科学实验室外形为例,计算分析火星稀薄大气真实气体效应对气动特性的影响,给出火星高空稀薄环境下的气动特性规律。研究发现,随着飞行高度的增加,稀薄度增加,激波脱体距离、激波厚度增大,激波强度减弱,明显的激波结构逐渐消失,流场等值线更趋于圆弧状分布;真实气体效应使得迎风面压缩及背风面膨胀增强,轴向力、法向力及顶点力矩系数等预测结果与完全气体模型预测结果相比绝对值偏大;随着稀薄度增大,轴向力、法向力及顶点力矩系数等绝对值增大,在同样的迎角下,随稀薄度的增加,纵向压心前移,进入器的静稳定性变差。     

Lunar ground penetrating radar: Minimizing potential data artifacts caused by signal interaction with a rover body

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is the leading geophysical candidate technology for future lunar missions aimed at mapping shallow stratigraphy (<5 m). The instrument’s exploration depth and resolution capabilities in lunar materials, as well as its small size and lightweight components, make it a very attractive option from both a scientific and engineering perspective. However, the interaction between a GPR signal and the rover body is poorly understood and must be investigated prior to a space mission. In doing so, engineering and survey design strategies should be developed to enhance GPR performance in the context of the scientific question being asked. This paper explores the effects of a rover (simulated with a vertical metal plate) on GPR results for a range of heights above the surface and antenna configurations at two sites: (i) a standard GPR testing site with targets of known position, size, and material properties, and; (ii) a frozen lake for surface reflectivity experiments. Our results demonstrate that the GPR antenna configuration is a key variable dictating instrument design, with the XX polarization considered optimal for minimizing data artifact generation. These findings could thus be used to help guide design requirements for an eventual flight instrument.     

国外星体表面巡视探测器地面试验方法分析

对国外星体表面巡视探测器的典型地面试验进行了系统阐述和分析,总结了星体表面巡视探测器地面试验的特点和规律,可以为我国星体表面巡视探测器地面试验的开展提供借鉴。     

火星全球导航卫星系统

讨论了建立类地行星全球导航定位系统的意义,并对火星全球导航卫星系统星座的布构型进行了初步分析设计.对不同导航星座的覆盖特性与导航定位性能进行了评估,给出了最佳星座设计,它可以作为将来建立火星导航卫星系统的星座设计参考.     

Manned missions to Mars: Minimizing risks of failure

Some major risks-of-failure issues for the future manned missions to Mars are discussed, with an objective to address criteria for making such missions possible, successful, safe and cost-effective. The following astronautical and instrumentation-and-equipment-reliability related aspects of the missions are considered: redundancies and backup strategies; costs; assessed probability of failure as a suitable reliability criterion for the instrumentation (equipment); probabilistic assessment of the likelihood of the mission success and safety. It is concluded that parametric risk modeling is a must for a risk-driven decision-making process.     

“火星快车”的三程多普勒观测

利用中国VLBI网无线电天线和数字信号采集系统跟踪测量了欧洲航天局的＂火星快车＂（MEX）探测器,并研发了相应的三程多普勒信号提取算法和软件。对探测器8.4GHz下行载波1s采样的最终结果显示,多普勒数据随机噪声为1mm/s,这些数据已成功应用于对火星探测器的轨道确定。     

Radio/FADS/IMU integrated navigation for Mars entry

Supposing future orbiting and landing collaborative exploration mission as the potential project background, this paper addresses the issue of Mars entry integrated navigation using radio beacon, flush air data sensing system (FADS), and inertial measurement unit (IMU). The range and Doppler information sensed from an orbiting radio beacon, the dynamic pressure and heating data sensed from flush air data sensing system, and acceleration and attitude angular rate outputs from an inertial measurement unit are integrated in an unscented Kalman filter to perform state estimation and suppress the system and measurement noise. Computer simulations show that the proposed integrated navigation scheme can enhance the navigation accuracy, which enables precise entry guidance for the given Mars orbiting and landing collaborative exploration mission.     

核热推进载人火星探测方案设计

针对载人火星探测任务，结合我国现有技术基础，提出我国载人火星探测方案，重点研究载人火星探测任务推进系统的设计。首先，综合考虑载人深空探测任务的约束，采用Pork-Chop图设计了适用于不同任务场景的转移轨迹；然后，参考我国空间站技术，基于核热推进系统设计了我国载人火星探测任务的飞船；最后，对核热推进系统的发动机台数和推力进行了优化，得到了适用于不同任务场景的最优推进系统组合方案。本文所研究内容为我国未来载人火星探测任务提供了有益参考。     

A roadmap to cave dwelling on the Moon and Mars

Habitat in lava tubes recently discovered on the Moon and Mars, should become a unifying concept for occupancy. Basic motivations and specifications for such a habitat are briefly reviewed.