NONLINEAR FILTERING ALGORITHM FOR INS INITIAL ALIGNMENT

The initial alignment error equation of an INS (Inertial Navigation System) with large initial azimuth error has been derived and nonlinear characteristics are included. When azimuth error is fairly small, the nonlinear equation can be reduced to a linear one. Extended Kalman filter, iterated filter and second order filter formulas are derived for the nonlinear state equation with linear measurement equation. Simulations results show that the accuracy of azimuth error estimation using extended Kalman filter is better than that of using standard Kalman filter while the iterated filter and second order filter can give even better estimation accuracy.     

Development,integrated investigation,laboratory and in-flight testing of Chibis-M microsatellite ADCS

Design, analytical investigation, laboratory and in-flight testing of the attitude determination and control system (ADCS) of a microsatellites are considered. The system consists of three pairs of reaction wheels, three magnetorquers, a set of Sun sensors, a three-axis magnetometer and a control unit. The ADCS is designed for a small 10–50 kg LEO satellite. System development is accomplished in several steps: satellite dynamics preliminary study using asymptotical and numerical techniques, hardware and software design, laboratory testing of each actuator and sensor and the whole ADCS. Laboratory verification is carried out on the specially designed test-bench.In-flight ADCS exploitation results onboard the Russian microsatellite “Chibis-M” are presented. The satellite was developed, designed and manufactured by the Institute of Space Research of RAS. “Chibis-M” was launched by the “Progress-13M” cargo vehicle on January 25, 2012 after undocking from the International Space Station (ISS). This paper assess both the satellite and the ADCS mock-up dynamics. Analytical, numerical and laboratory study results are in good correspondence with in-flight data.     

A residual based adaptive unscented Kalman filter for fault recovery in attitude determination system of microsatellites

This paper presents an adaptive unscented Kalman filter (AUKF) to recover the satellite attitude in a fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) subsystem of microsatellites. The FDD subsystem includes a filter and an estimator with residual generators, hypothesis tests for fault detections and a reference logic table for fault isolations and fault recovery. The recovery process is based on the monitoring of mean and variance values of each attitude sensor behaviors from residual vectors. In the case of normal work, the residual vectors should be in the form of Gaussian white noise with zero mean and fixed variance. When the hypothesis tests for the residual vectors detect something unusual by comparing the mean and variance values with dynamic thresholds, the AUKF with real-time updated measurement noise covariance matrix will be used to recover the sensor faults. The scheme developed in this paper resolves the problem of the heavy and complex calculations during residual generations and therefore the delay in the isolation process is reduced. The numerical simulations for TSUBAME, a demonstration microsatellite of Tokyo Institute of Technology, are conducted and analyzed to demonstrate the working of the AUKF and FDD subsystem.     

基于精确伪距率观测模型的GPS/SINS组合导航系统研究

从泰勒公式及函数矩阵的基本定义出发，推导了考虑位置误差相关项时，GPS/SINS组合导航系统精确的伪距率观测数学模型。仿真结果表明，使用精确伪距率观测模型的伪距、伪距率交替组合导航系统，其位置误差能更好地跟踪GPS系统位置几何误差系数，能更真实地反映载体的短期位置误差，更适用于对航天器或大气飞行器短期位置导航精度要求较高的场合（如把航天飞机或大气飞行器作为高分辨率合成孔径雷达等遥感器的载体）。     

UDu~T分解滤波算法及其应用

本文介绍UDU~T 分解滤波算法;用工程师容易理解的方法重新推导时间修正和量测修正滤波公式,并给出标准通用的UDU~T 分解滤波子程序。本算法子程序已实际用于工程估计器中。本算法具有高的数字稳定性。作为UDU~T 分解滤波算法理论和工程应用之间桥梁的本通用标准子程序具有良好性能,使用方便,极易推广应用。     

UKF方法在脉冲星自主导航中的应用

针对X射线脉冲星自主导航中的非线性系统滤波问题，将无迹卡尔曼滤波方法应用于自主导航计算过程中。首先，在简述脉冲星导航可行性的基础上，研究了脉冲星自主导航系统的基本原理和实施方案。然后，根据牛顿二体引力模型构建了航天器运动状态方程，根据脉冲到达时间模型建立了系统观测方程，并对二者进行了误差分析和建模。最后，将UKF算法应用于航天器自主导航过程中，仿真结果表明该方法能够实现航天器自主导航信息的解算。     

基于混合卡尔曼滤波器组故障传感器定位方法

为了在发动机性能蜕化与传感器故障并存的情况下实现故障传感器的定位与部件蜕化情况的估计,并实现故障诊断基准数据的修正,构建了1种包含了机载模型与线性卡尔曼滤波器的组合结构混合卡尔曼滤波器组。该卡尔曼滤波器组能够在之前所描述的故障/蜕化耦合情况下定位故障传感器,并得到较为准确的部件蜕化估计结果。为了验证了混合卡尔曼滤波器组的有效性,进行了相关仿真。仿真结果表明:混合卡尔曼滤波器组能够在发动机动态过程中遭遇传感器故障与部件蜕化并存的情况下完成故障定位与蜕化估计。     

基于双目视觉的无人机编队相对定位算法

针对无人机编队飞行时双目视觉定位精确性差、计算量大、实时性不高的技术现状,对基于特征点的FAST定位和BRIEF旋转(Oriented fast and rotated brief,ORB)算法进行了改进,提出了一种适用于无人机双目视觉定位的算法。在改进ORB算法中,采用提取目标区域、最近邻约束和随机抽样一致(Random sampling consensus,RANSAC)方法,提高了特征点提取与匹配效率,也提高了特征点匹配质量;对于双目视觉定位,提出了适用条件更加宽泛的双目视觉定位模型,并保证了模型的定位精度;最后使用卡尔曼滤波算法对无人机的定位信息进行估计,进一步提高了无人机的定位精度。实验表明,算法具有较高的精确性和实时性,满足无人机间的相对定位要求。     

基于混合特征匹配的微惯性/激光雷达组合导航方法

微惯性/激光雷达(MEMS IMU/LADAR)组合导航系统在室内应用时,由于室内结构化环境下环境特征(如点和线段)分布稀疏,传统的单一特征匹配算法存在观测盲区,易造成导航定位参数估计误差大的问题。基于此,研究了激光雷达自适应数据分割方法的点和线段的特征提取算法,提出了基于混合特征匹配观测模型的MEMS IMU/LADR扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)算法。同时,设计了MEMS IMU/LADR组合导航试验样机,在室内环境下通过试验对滤波算法进行了验证。结果表明:提出的算法在室内结构化环境下相比传统单一点或线特征匹配组合定位算法的定位精度可提高60%,对于小型旋翼无人飞行器在室内结构化环境中的高精度定位具有较高的参考意义。     

Investigations into sensing characteristics of circular thin-plate electrostatic sensors for gas path monitoring

Circular thin-plate electrostatic sensors are promising in gas path monitoring due to their advantages of non-intrusiveness and easy installation. The spatial sensitivity and filtering effect are two important performance parameters. In this paper, an analytically mathematical model of induced charge on a circular thin-plate electrode is first derived. Then the spatial sensitivity and filtering effect of the circular electrostatic sensor are investigated by numerical calculations. Finally,experimental studies are performed to testify the theoretical results. Both theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that circular thin-plate electrostatic sensors act as a low-pass filter in the spatial frequency domain, and both the spatial filtering effect and the temporal frequency response characteristics depend strongly on the spatial position and velocity of the charged particle. These conclusions can provide guidelines for the optimal design of circular thin-plate electrostatic sensors.