Risk-taking during wayfinding is modulated by external stressors and personality traits

ABSTRACT

Two experiments examined cue reliance and risk-taking during desktop virtual wayfinding, and how they might be modulated by personality traits and external stressors. Participants navigated a series of virtual buildings and we manipulated the strength of probabilistic cues available to guide turn decisions. Navigators frequently discounted probabilistic cues and instead took risks, particularly when costs were low and potential benefits were high. Risk-taking was predicted by higher sense of direction and lower need for structure. Introducing a time stressor lowered risk-taking, with a higher relative reliance on probability-based information. This was most pronounced in females and those with a high need for structure. Results provide novel evidence that spatial cue reliance is modulated by individual differences and contextual constraints.     

高压金属软管应力及参数敏感度分析

某型号发动机热试车考核中高压金属软管多次出现破坏。通过建立软管有限元模型,采用非线性有限元分析了软管应力分布和各部分承载特点,判断波峰处轴向应力是影响软管结构强度的主要因素,有限元计算结果和试验破坏部位一致,表明有限元模型的合理性。在此基础上,通过参数化建模、设计中心复合实验和进行参数敏感度分析,得出影响波峰处最大轴向应力的敏感参数,为结构参数优化提供了依据。     

现代民机新型灭火剂性能研究

对新型灭火剂研究背景和种类进行了简要介绍,对具有开发潜力的新型灭火剂的理化性能、毒性、腐蚀性、灭火性能、环保性能进行深入分析与研究。通过对新型灭火剂性能的研究,得出每种灭火剂的优缺点,筛选出适用于现代民机灭火系统的灭火剂。     

组合式压型模寿命显著提高的研究

本文提出了组合式套装模具使用寿命提高的机制 ,着重指出了预紧压力及过盈量数值的范围 ,介绍了黄铜弹药筒零件挤压成型时模具的结构及有关工艺     

Global Environmental Alert Service (GEAS)

Early warning systems represent an innovative and effective approach to mitigate the risk associated with natural hazards. Early warning technologies are now available for almost all natural hazards and systems are already in operation in all parts of the world. Nevertheless, recent disasters such as the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004 and Katrina hurricane in 2005, highlighted inadequacies in early warning technologies.

Efforts towards the development of a global warning system are necessary for turning the tide in early warning processes and technologies. There is a pressing need for a globally comprehensive early warning system based on existing systems. The global system should be a mechanism which can consolidate scientific information and evidences, package this knowledge in a form usable to international and national decision makers and actively disseminate this information to those users.

The proposed Global Environmental Alert Service (GEAS) will provide information emanating from monitoring, Earth observing and early warning systems to users in a near-real-time mode and bridge the gap between the scientific community and policy makers. Characteristics and operational aspects of such a service, GEAS, are discussed.     

二元推力矢量喷管导流管的设计研究

针对某型飞机进行二元推力矢量改装时对发动机出口的气流进行过渡转换的问题，设计了喷管导流管，将导流管气流截面由圆形过渡到长方形。本文利用有限元软件PATRAN对导流管进行了应力强度分析和变形分析，得出导流管的应力分布场和变形位移场，通过对不同厚度的导流管的分析计算得出导流管最大应力和最大位移随管壁厚度变化曲线，从而确定最佳的管壁厚度。研究了导流管最大应力和最大位移沿轴向的变化曲线，并对导流管的结构进行了优化设计，给出两种优化设计方案，得到较为理想的结构。     

ANALYSIS OF SHEAR STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN HONEYCOMB AIRCRAFT WING STRUCTURE SUBJECTED TO (S.T.) TORQUE

ＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳＯＦＳＨＥＡＲＳＴＲＥＳＳＤＩＳＴＲＩＢＵＴＩＯＮＩＮＨＯＮＥＹＣＯＭＢＡＩＲＣＲＡＦＴＷＩＮＧＳＴＲＵＣＴＵＲＥＳＵＢＪＥＣＴＥＤＴＯ（Ｓ．Ｔ．）ＴＯＲＱＵＥＫｈａｌｉｄＭ．Ｔａｈｉｒ，ＺｈａｎｇＸｉｎｇ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＦ...     

有限变形塑性的指数算法

基于不同的应力测量方式，将得到不同形式的有限变形塑性的算法列式。本文基于柯西应力来表示屈服准则，给出了以柯西应力表示的有限变形塑性的指数算法列式。利用对数应变，在主轴下建立了返回映射算法，得到了一种非对称的算法切线模量。它保持了在无穷小理论中返回映射的算法结构。算例表明，对于静水压力相关的塑性材料，应力测量形式的选择对数值结果有较大的影响，柯西应力列式得到了合理的结果。     

表面裂纹理论的回顾与评述(下)

本文简要地介绍了近几十年国内外表面断裂力学理论的发展状况及所取得的一些成果，重点介绍了应力强度因子求法和裂纹扩展速率的描述。同时对应用于圆柱体上的表面裂纹应力强度因子求法及裂纹扩展速率的描述等方面成果进行了评述。     

刚性环加强的圆柱壳体的强度分析

给出一端固定,一端自由,自由端有刚性环加强的圆柱壳体的内力和位移的计算公式,以及最大应力的计算公式.对所得公式简化处理,用简单的无矩理论的解来表示复杂的有矩理论的解,使之便于工程计算.本文采用工程壳体理论,对于薄壳,文中给出的解具有足够的精确度.