涡轮叶片弦中区扰流柱强化换热实验

针对涡轮叶片弦中区扰流柱支撑冲击导管的冷却结构建立实验模型,研究了随冲击雷诺数,横流射流密流比,冲击孔靶间距与冲击孔径比等参数的改变,叶片内壁面的换热特性变化规律.并与传统的弦向肋支撑冲击导管冷却结构的光滑壁面换热特性进行对比,重点研究了弦中区扰流柱的强化换热特性.结果表明:弦中区扰流柱明显降低了叶片前缘和前排冲击产生的初始横流削弱换热的负面作用,前缘或前排冲击产生的初始横流可以有效地增强其后部的换热努塞尔数,扰流柱支撑结构所表现出的换热效率优于传统的大间距弦向肋支撑结构.      

舰载燃气轮机间冷器传热与流动的数值模拟

针对平直型翅片板翅式间冷器矩形通道的结构特点,建立了流动换热分析的耦合计算模型,应用计算流体动力学方法对间冷器的通道流场进行了数值模拟.分析了计算区域内多个截面的温度、压力、局部传热系数等参数的分布图形和变化趋势,并考察了不同工况下间冷器的换热性能和压力损失.所得结论可为舰载燃气轮机间冷器的设计与优化提供有益的参考.      

Development and calibration of heat transfer coefficient sensor for rotational state

A novel heat transfer coefficient sensor is introduced and the design, manufacture,and calibration are described.The intended application of this instrument was on a high rotational speed test disc. In the experiments,the heat transfer coefficient sensor was calibrated under static state and rotational state respectively. The calibration under the static state was accomplished in a pipe: the inside diameter (ID) was 0.048m and the total length was 4m, the distance between the sensor and the inlet of the pipe was 3.5m; the standard value was measured using a self-made calibrator. The calibration under the rotational state was accomplished using a rotating disc: the diameter and thickness of the stainless disc were 800mm and 25mm, respectively;the sensor was installed at the location of r =250mm; the rotating disc driven by a 30kW direct current motor can supply the maximum rotational speed of 3000r/min. The standard value under rotational state was provided by an approximate empirical formula. The results show that the designed sensor can measure heat transfer coefficient directly under rotational state and static state with good accuracy and stability; the correlation factor of K are constant under static state and rotational state.      

Effects of temperature distribution and level on heat transfer on a rotating free disk

In gas turbine engines, with the existence of the intense forced convection and significant buoyancy effects, temperature distribution and level on turbine or compressor disks affect the heat transfer characteristics strongly. In this paper, numerical simulations were performed to analyze these influences for a free disk, with the laminar and turbulent flow respectively. The influences of temperature distribution on the heat transfer were observed by using incompressible cooling air, and temperature profiles of nth order monomial and polynomial were assumed on the disk. The analysis revealed that the heat transfer for two flow states on the free disk is determined by the exponent n of the monomial profile when specifying the rotating Reynolds number; for an arbitrary polynomial profile, the local Nusselt number can be deduced from results of monomial profiles. To study the effects of temperature level on heat transfer singly, monomial profiles were used and the local Nusselt number of compressible and incompressible cooling air were compared.And both for two flow states, the following conclusions could be drawn: the relative difference of local Nusselt number is mainly controlled by nondimensional local temperature difference, and almost independent of the monomial's coefficient C, exponent n and the rotating Reynolds number. Subsequently, a correction method for heat transfer of the free disk is presented and verified computationally, with which the local Nusselt number, obtained with a uniform and low temperature profile, can be revised by arbitrary distribution and high temperature magnitude.      

基于网格重生成的涡轮叶片变形传递方法

在涡轮叶片多学科优化中需要在气动模型和结构模型之间进行耦合信息(气压、温度和变形等数据)传递,来考虑学科耦合的性质.采用修正几何外形和网格重生成的方法实现了叶片结构变形向气动模型传递.传递时在叶片几何模型上增加若干外形控制线,叶片的外形由这些控制线的形状来决定.根据叶片结构变形,调整控制线节点位置坐标,以修改叶片外形控制线的形状,可以实现变形向叶片几何模型的传递.进一步,重新生成气动网格,可以得到结构变形后叶片的气动网格模型.      

多股自耦合射流相干流动和换热特性数值研究

采用数值模拟的方法对多股自耦合射流在相干条件下的流动和换热特性进行了研究.研究结果表明:三股自耦合射流都在出口附近耦合成一股射流向下游运动,两侧的射流受到中间一股射流的卷吸融合在一起,融合后仍然是一股沿中心线对称的自耦合射流.在短轴中心截面自耦合射流型面较宽,射流喷出后在下游的扩展角度大,而长轴中心截面射流的型面较窄,扩展角度较小.在冲击靶板上,整个冲击区域呈现出中心温度最低的近似圆形的对称性分布,对流换热系数曲线呈现出中心对称的波峰分布形状,表明自耦合射流驻点区换热最强.对流换热系数沿靶板不同方向的分布趋势基本保持一致.      

发动机背负式安装无人机的排气系统红外特征的计算研究

用数值模拟的方法研究了对发动机背负式安装的无人机排气系统的红外辐射特征.排气系统的流场采用商业软件计算,红外辐射特征采用根据离散传递法自行发展的程序进行计算,研究了排气系统在3～5μm波段红外辐射强度的空间分布.在红外辐射计算过程中,考虑了喷管内壁的发射和反射、燃气组分CO₂、H₂O和CO的吸收-发射、后机身结构的遮挡以及大气吸收等影响.结果表明:通过发动机的背负式安装、尾喷口的下遮挡设计及其相对机身的内缩可使排气系统在下半球的红外辐射强度明显降低,但由此也造成了上半球的辐射强度有所增强;大气对该无人机排气系统前半球红外辐射的吸收明显强于后半球.      

磁控等离子体对收敛喷管性能的影响

采用诱导磁场方程,Mixture混合两相流和磁场修正的湍流两方程模型,研究施加不同强度磁场时,收敛喷管内等离子体的流动和传热特性以及等离子体对尾喷流的包裹情况.结果表明,随着气流在收敛喷管内加速,等离子体被掺混的程度增加.增强磁场可提高近壁面处等离子体体积分数,抑制其湍流度,降低高温气体向喷管壁面的传热.当B_y=1.3T时,磁控等离子体可降低54.4%的壁面温升,增加0.74%的喷管推力系数,在出口4倍当量直径处对尾气仍有一定的包裹.      

Internal Heat Transfer Characteristics of Lamilloy Configurations

A transient measurement technique by using narrow-band thermochromic liquid crystal （TLC） is employed to determine temperature and heat transfer coefficient （HTC） distribution on inner surfaces of the typical lamilloy configurations. With this technique, both local HTC distribution and average HTC distribution could be obtained. The experimental results indicate that the variation of the porosity ratio, the one that the area of impingement holes divided by that of the plate, has a great effect on the HTC distribution on the inner surfaces. Heat exchange of inner surfaces varies directly as the porosity ratio. The impingement Reynolds number ranges from 20 000 to 50 000. The average HTC of inner surfaces bears a linear relationship with the Reynolds number.     

旋转状态下气膜冷却换热系数的实验

采用平板叶片模型,测量了静止和旋转状态气膜冷却换热系数(hg)的分布规律,重点研究旋转对气膜冷却换热系数的影响。测试表面气膜孔直径D=4 mm,流向倾角α=30°,展向倾角φ=90°。实验转速ω=0,800 r/min,主流雷诺数ReD=3 191,吹风比M=0.4~2.0,密度比DR=1.02。采用宽幅低温液晶测量叶片表面的温度场。结果表明,旋转使得气膜在展向上发生较明显的偏转,且吸力面上气膜偏转程度要大于压力面;吹风比对换热系数的影响较大,且这种影响在静止与旋转状态差别很大。