高速前飞时旋翼气动载荷计算

针对大速度前飞的特点,我们研制了一套计算大速度前飞旋翼气动载荷的方法和软件,算例计算表明计算值和试验值有较好的吻合度,它不仅在桨叶内段吻合得较好,而且在桨尖这种大载荷区域也是如此;不仅对前进比μ=0.3以下状态符合得较好,而且对μ=0.4,0.45这种高速状态也是如此。这说明本计算方法与软件对大速度前飞旋翼气动载荷计算达到了一定的精度,基本上能满足工程设计的需要。     

考虑机场位置与航线流量影响的航空网络防御资源优化策略

传统复杂网络领域对网络防御问题的研究未考虑影响航空网络防御资源配置的主要因素,为此提出 一种考虑机场位置、航线流量等因素的基于航空网络实际的防御策略,来降低网络风险。首先,利用节点脆弱 性减少模型确定不同类型防御资源防御量与节点防御能力的函数关系;然后,对传统的重要度评价矩阵做出改 进,考虑航线流量、机场位置等影响航空网络防御资源配置的因素对节点进行重要度排序,并分析节点与整个 航空网络风险的关系;最后,在总防御资源量一定的情况下,利用模拟退火算法对各个节点配置的防御资源量 进行求解,使得网络总风险最小。通过对随机生成网络与中国航空网络的实验发现,该优化策略在分配防御资 源时,能够区分机场节点位置和流量的差异,相比于传统方法能够有效降低网络总风险。     

不同螺旋桨滑流数值模拟方法对比研究

采用动量激励盘理论,求解准定常RANS方程,模拟螺旋桨滑流对飞机气动特性的影响。分别基于螺旋桨+中心体、螺旋桨+短舱、螺旋桨+短舱+翼身组合体构型的非定常流场模拟得到的桨叶载荷,建立三种不同的激励盘载荷。将三种载荷的流场模拟结果与全机非定常模拟的时间平均结果进行对比,可知三种不同激励盘载荷均能准确地模拟螺旋桨滑流的影响,因此,可以通过最简单的螺旋桨+中心体构型建立激励盘模型,用于螺旋桨滑流工程预测。     

阻抗测量中的一种复数计算工具

介绍了一种应用于阻抗测量的复数计算工具--Excel复数计算函数。Excel和其它工具相比,如Matlab,LabVIEW,具有操作方便灵活、函数库丰富、对控制软件接口方便等优点,非常适用于非编程人员进行复数计算。以“对阻抗测量仪器进行开短路数据补偿”为例,具体介绍了利用Microsoft Excel 2007处理复数计算的方法。该方法操作非常简便,容易掌握,无须进行烦琐的编程,随着电脑和Excel软件的普及,本方法具备了推广和应用的可能。     

冲击载荷作用下38CrMoAl渗氮钢损伤机理和耐腐蚀性能

为研究38CrMoAl渗氮钢材料在冲击载荷与海洋环境侵蚀共同作用下的损伤机理和耐腐蚀性能,对渗氮处理前后的38CrMoAl钢材料进行了冲击加载试验和腐蚀性能测试。研究发现渗氮38CrMoAl钢材料在高应变率下具有较强的正应变率敏感性。在冲击载荷作用下,试件表面渗氮层出现裂纹,并伴随着渗氮层的部分脆性剥落,但裂纹长度均在500~700 μm,裂纹只在渗氮层中扩展,并没有继续延伸至非渗氮层的金属基体内部。渗氮处理提高了材料表面硬度和强度,但降低了韧性。电化学测试结果表明渗氮处理显著提高了材料的耐腐蚀性能,其自腐蚀电位相对于未渗氮试件由-726.24 mV正移至-174.42 mV。但冲击加载后的渗氮试件由于表面渗氮层的破损,部分金属基体露出并与未发生破坏的表面形成电势差,进而发生较为强烈的电偶腐蚀。扫描开尔文探针测试结果表明,渗氮件表面阴阳极电位差及电位分散程度相对于未渗氮件增大,渗氮件更易发生局部腐蚀。冲击加载改变了渗氮层的表面状态,阴阳极电位差增加,使材料表面腐蚀变得更加不均匀。对试件耐腐蚀性能进行了盐雾试验验证,盐雾试验结果与电化学测试分析结果相一致,在舰载机维护保养中,应关注受冲击部位渗氮层的裂纹检查,并做好相应的防腐处理。     

大速度桨毂振动载荷预计的影响因素

依据直升机大速度前飞状态的气动环境和桨叶运动,分析了非定常气动力模型、动态失速模型、诱导速度分布、桨叶弹性变形、桨毂力合成以及数值计算方法对旋翼振动载荷预计的影响.将Leishman和Beddoes气动模型、动态入流理论和桨叶挥舞运动综合计入载荷模型中,采用状态空间法对方程进行离散化处理,编制了相应的计算程序.计算结果表明采用不同的分析模型对旋翼振动载荷预计有较大影响,翼型失速是主要影响因素.     

基于CEMD的旋翼微动目标杂波抑制方法

针对旋翼微动目标杂波抑制问题,研究了一种基于复数据经验模态分解（CEMD）的微动目标杂波抑制方法。首先,建立了地杂波背景下的旋翼微动目标信号模。然后,根据杂波和微动信号在时频域的差异性,基于CEMD和Gabor变换,通过新定义的不同本征模态函数（IMF）的能量所占总能量的比重,选择出微动信号占优所对应的几个IMF分量,并基于这些IMF对旋翼微动目标进行时域和时频域重构,实现旋翼微动目标和杂波的分离,达到抑制杂波提取微动目标回波的目的。最后,与常规杂波抑制方法进行了对比,仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性。     

薄壁交叉圆柱滚子轴承最佳径向工作游隙

以型号为RA8008UUCC0对数修形的薄壁交叉圆柱滚子轴承为分析对象,借助RomaxDesigner软件对比分析在联合载荷作用下径向工作游隙对承载滚子数、滚子最大载荷、滚道应力分布、轴承刚度、最小油膜厚度和疲劳寿命的影响情况,得出径向工作游隙是影响轴承力学性能的关键因素,结果表明:轴承受载滚子数随游隙的减小而增多,滚子与滚道接触应力分布趋于均匀化,相同条件下,倾覆力矩的影响比较显著。联合载荷作用下,随着工作游隙的减小,轴承刚度增大。当径向工作游隙小于-0.002mm时,随着径向工作游隙绝对值的增大,滚子与滚道接触变形减小,接触应力增大,刚度增大,最小油膜厚度减小,轴承寿命降低。同一径向工作游隙下,倾覆力矩可以减小滚子与轴承内外圈之间的油膜厚度,从而显著降低轴承疲劳寿命,轴承最佳径向工作游隙范围为-0.004~0mm。     

Performance evaluation of complex systems using evidential reasoning approach with uncertain parameters

The composition of the modern aerospace system becomes more and more complex. The performance degradation of any device in the system may cause it difficult for the whole system to keep normal working states. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the performance of complex aerospace systems. In this paper, the performance evaluation of complex aerospace systems is regarded as a Multi-Attribute Decision Analysis (MADA) problem. Based on the structure and working principle of the system, a new Evidential Reasoning (ER) based approach with uncertain parameters is proposed to construct a nonlinear optimization model to evaluate the system performance. In the model, the interval form is used to express the uncertainty, such as error in testing data and inaccuracy in expert knowledge. In order to analyze the subsystems that have a great impact on the performance of the system, the sensitivity analysis of the evaluation result is carried out, and the corresponding maintenance strategy is proposed. For a type of Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) used in a rocket, the proposed method is employed to evaluate its performance. Then, the parameter sensitivity of the evaluation result is analyzed, and the main factors affecting the performance of IMU are obtained. Finally, the comparative study shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

A hybrid multidimensional Riemann solver to couple self-similar method with MULTV method for complex flows

Since proposed, the self-similarity variables based genuinely multidimensional Riemann solver is attracting more attentions due to its high resolution in multidimensional complex flows. However, it needs numerous logical operations in supersonic cases, which limit the method’s applicability in engineering problems greatly. In order to overcome this defect, a hybrid multidimensional Riemann solver, called HMTHS (Hybrid of MulTv and multidimensional HLL scheme based on Self-similar structures), is proposed. It simulates the strongly interacting zone by adopting the MHLLES (Multidimensional Harten-Lax-van Leer-Eifeldt scheme based on Self-similar structures) scheme at subsonic speeds, which is with a high resolution by considering the second moment in the similarity variables. Also, it adopts the MULTV (Multidimensional Toro and Vasquez) scheme, which is with a high resolution in capturing discontinuities, to simulate the flux at supersonic speeds. Systematic numerical experiments, including both one-dimensional cases and two-dimensional cases, are conducted. One-dimensional moving contact discontinuity case and sod shock tube case suggest that HMTHS can accurately capture one-dimensional expansion waves, shock waves, and linear contact discontinuities. Two-dimensional cases, such as the double Mach reflection case, the supersonic shock / boundary layer interaction case, the hypersonic flow over the cylinder case, and the hypersonic viscous flow over the double-ellipsoid case, indicate that the HMTHS scheme is with a high resolution in simulating multidimensional complex flows. Therefore, it is promising to be widely applied in both scholar and engineering areas.