Numerical simulation of compression corner flows at Mach number 9

A hypersonic vehicle encounters a wide range of conditions during its complete flight regime. These flight conditions may vary from low to high Mach numbers with varying angles of attack. The near-wall viscous dissipation associated with flows at combined high Mach and Reynolds numbers leads to significant wall heat transfer rates and shear stresses. The shock wave/boundary-layer interaction results in a flow separation region, which commonly augments total pressure losses in the flow and lowers the efficiency of aerodynamic control surfaces such as fins installed on a vehicle. The standard turbulence models, when used to resolve such flows, result in incorrect separation bubble size for large separated flows. Therefore, it results in an inaccurate aerodynamic load, such as the wall pressures, skin friction distribution, and heat transfer rate. In previous studies, the application of the shock-unsteadiness correction to the standard two-equation k-ω turbulence model improved the separation bubble size leading to an accurate pressure prediction and shock definition with the assumption of constant Prandtl number. In the present work, the new shock-unsteadiness modification to the k-ω turbulence model is applied to the hypersonic compression corner flows. This new model with variable Prandtl number is based on the model parameter, which depends upon the local density ratio. The computed wall pressures, heat flux and flow field are compared to the experimental data. A parametric study is carried out by varying compression deflection angles, free stream Reynolds number and wall temperatures to compute the flow field and wall data accurately, particularly in the shock boundary layer interaction region. The new shock-unsteadiness modified k-ω model with variable Prandtl number shows an accurate prediction of initial pressure rise location, pressure distribution in the plateau region and heat flux in comparison to the standard k-ω model.     

船舶桨轴舵及船体艉部耦合振动噪声数值研究

为研究船舶桨轴舵及船体艉部耦合振动噪声特性,将CFD整体计算得到的非定常力作为激励源,以分布载荷的形式加载于有限元模型上,并结合模态叠加法和声学边界元法建立了桨轴舵及船体艉部耦合振动噪声的数值计算方法。通过分析振动响应计算结果,发现频率较低时耦合系统振动响应受工况影响比频率较高时更加明显;振动响应最大幅值所在频率受结构特性和激励源的共同影响;在桨-轴系统中,桨叶的振动传递损失最大。通过对比不同模型的桨叶振动计算结果,发现桨-轴系统模型的计算值与桨-轴-船系统模型更为接近且不复杂,比单桨模型更为实用。通过分析振动噪声计算结果,发现振动响应频谱和声场分布均可反映结构的固有特性;船体振动贡献的总声压在耦合系统中占90%以上,而桨叶振动仅为1%左右,在预报螺旋桨引起的振动噪声时,需要将船体振动噪声考虑在内。     

转捩诱导法向力及其对细长尖锥气动特性的影响

边界层转捩时,是否会出现诱导法向气动载荷,这是一个很有意义的问题。本文介绍了在高超音速风洞中完成的静态气动力实验与动态气动力实验,它证实这种诱导法向载荷是存在的,是边界层转捩的不对称性造成的,并对细长锥的气动特性有明显而呈规律性的影响。     

Adams--Cowel方法的扩充及其在人卫中的应用

本文将现有的Ａｄａｍｓ－Ｃｏｗｅｌ方法由求初值问题扩展到求一类边值问题，并将之应用于对同步卫星的轨道测定和预报，仿真与实算结果表明：方法具有独特的使用价值     

一般非线性边值问题的高精度方法

介绍了满足边界条件y(a)=A 和y(b)=B 的一般二阶非线性常微分方程y″=f(x,y,y′)的六阶三对角有限差分法;在右端项一般形式下,推广了文献[2]的结果。并在适当条件下证明了该方法的收敛性和稳定性,同时用数值试验证实了上述结论的正确性。     

多级轴流风扇/压气机非设计点性能计算方法

为更好反映现代轴流风扇内部流动特征,将适合于高马赫数来流的双激波模型引入基元叶栅法,发展了一种多级轴流风扇、压气机非设计点性能计算方法。该方法通过引入雷诺数修正,考虑了雷诺数对风扇/压气机性能的影响,并使最大静压升系数法可在宽广雷诺数变化范围内预测风扇/压气机稳定边界。该方法灵活、可靠,并经过高压压气机、跨声速风扇及大涵道比风扇/增压级等典型的压气机试验结果验证,既可用于多级轴流风扇/压气机非设计点性能计算,又可发展成为高空低雷诺数条件下高性能风扇/压气机设计和研究的重要工具,有着广泛的工程应用前景。     

压气机叶栅叶片表面附面层流态变化影响因素探讨

以平面叶栅中的二元叶栅模型为试验对象,测量了在不同来流条件下叶片表面流场分布情况及栅后气流参数,分析了不同来流条件下叶片表面附面层流动状态的变化。并借助数值模拟手段重点研究了在不同来流马赫数和冲角下,叶片表面压力梯度对层流附面层向紊流附面层转捩过程的影响,通过利用实验数据分析研究来流条件对转捩过程的影响,为从机理上更深刻地认识叶片表面粘性附面层转捩机制提供了科学参考依据。     

Strong interactions of incident shock wave with boundary layer along compression corner

The coherent structure and instability of the interaction of incident shock wave with boundary layer developing on a compression corner are experimentally studied. The experiments are carried out in a supersonic wind tunnel of Mach number 2. Particular attention is paid to shock patterns and unsteady shock motions induced by the separation bubble. The high-speed schlieren is used to visualize the flowfield evolution and to characterize the instability. The snapshot proper orthogonal decomposition of schlieren sequences is applied to investigate the primary coherent structure in the flowfield. Fast Fourier transform and continuous wavelet transformation are applied to characterize the instability. The results show that there are large-scale low-frequency oscillations of the shock waves and small-scale high-frequency pulsations in the separation region. The peak frequency of shock oscillation is mainly concentrated in the range of 100–1000 Hz. The pulsation of the small flow structure in the separation bubble is mainly concentrated above 12.5 kHz. Based on the results of experimental analysis, the preliminary mechanism of the large-scale instability of such interaction is obtained.     

一种超声速进气道侧壁面流场控制研究

为改善二元超声速进气道前体激波与侧壁面边界层干扰问题,提出了一种在侧壁开泄流气缝的流场控制方法并进行了数值仿真验证,然后研究了侧壁面开缝的宽度、位置、角度等典型几何参数对进气道性能的影响规律。结果表明:设计马赫数下侧壁开缝使进气道唇口角区处的溢流明显减小,进气道内通道进口流场得到改善,进气道流量系数提高2.27%,喉道截面总压恢复系数提高3.37%;在非设计状态下,进气道性能也有一定的改善。典型几何参数研究结果表明,当侧壁开缝位置位于前体斜激波位置(L=-1.4～-0.21)、开缝宽度为0.85～1.10倍当地边界层厚度时,对进气道性能的改善效果最佳,而开缝的角度影响并不明显。     

Integrated supersonic wind tunnel nozzle

In supersonic wind tunnels, the airflow at the exit of a convergent-divergent nozzle is affected by the connection between the nozzle and test section, because the connection is a source of disturbance for supersonic flow and the source of disturbance generated by this disturbance propagates downstream. In order to avoid the disturbance, the test can only be carried out in the rhombus area. However, for the supersonic nozzle, the rhombus region is small, limiting the size and attitude angle of the test model. An integrated supersonic nozzle is a nozzle and a test section as a whole, which is designed to weaken or eliminate the disturbance. The inviscid contour of the supersonic nozzle is based on the method of characteristics. A new curve is formed by the smooth connection between the inviscid contour and test section, and the boundary layer is corrected for the overall curve. Integrated supersonic nozzles with Mach number 1.5 and 2 are designed, which are based on this method. The flow field is validated by numerical and experimental results. The results of the study highlight the importance of the connection about the nozzle outlet and test section. They clearly show that the wave system does not exist at the exit of the supersonic nozzle, and the flow field is uniform throughout the test section.