带边条翼导弹滚转稳定性分析

为了分析带边条翼导弹模型的非线性自由滚转运动及滚转稳定特性,采用理论分析与动态测力试验、滚转自由度释放测量试验相结合的方式,对低速来流条件下模型0°~60°迎角范围内的滚转运动、滚转稳定特性随迎角变化的规律进行了研究。在10°迎角时,模型在4个"+"形位置是滚转静稳定的并且在"+"形位置上滚转运动保持平衡;迎角大于20°的范围内滚转静稳定的平衡位置变到4个"×"形位置上;并且迎角为20°时模型在"×"形位置滚转保持平衡,迎角大于30°后模型产生滚转极限环自激振荡运动,迎角达到60°时模型的滚转运动发散演变为高速旋转的形式。研究结果表明:模型滚转运动的形式决定于滚转力矩的静、动稳定特性。     

蝉翅翼的运动研究与三维数值分析

以蝉为研究对象,首先通过分析蝉翅翼在高速摄像机下的运动影像获得了其运动方程,然后建立了蝉翅翼的三维模型,并研究了基于Fluent软件的蝉翅翼周围流场数值模拟方法,最后模拟分析了三维蝉翅翼模型在不同运动参数(拍动频率、拍动幅值和最大扭转角度)下的平均升力系数和平均阻力系数.研究结果表明最大扭转角度对蝉翅翼气动力影响较大,因此在仿蝉扑翼飞行器的设计与操控中必须考虑扭转运动.      

微型扑翼飞行器扑翼/尾翼气动干扰的数值研究

以二维刚性约束条件下的微型扑翼飞行器模型为研究对象,在动网格技术基础上,应用非定常数值分析手段对比分析了单翼/纵列翼布局的气动性能,深入研究了纵列翼缩减频率、扑翼—尾翼无量纲水平间距、来流攻角对其气动性能的影响.结果表明:①纵列翼尾翼对扑翼产生正效应干扰,相对于单翼布局,扑翼—尾翼无量纲水平间距为0.5倍翼型弦长时的纵列翼布局的推力系数和推进效率分别增加28.7%和5.7%;②缩减频率是影响推力的关键参数,随着缩减频率的增加,脱落涡的强度增加,推力系数增大.对于单翼、纵列翼两种布局模式,当缩减频率在1.0附近时推进效率达到最优;③对于纵列翼布局,在扑翼—尾翼无量纲水平间距为1.1倍翼型弦长时推进效率达到峰值;④在0°~20°来流攻角变化范围内,随着来流攻角的增加,升力系数增加,推力系数减小,当来流攻角大于9°时,两种布局的推力均为负值.      

A study of morphing aircraft on morphing rules along trajectory

Morphing aircraft can meet requirements of multi-mission during the whole flight due to changing the aerodynamic shape, so it is necessary to study its morphing rules along the trajectory. However, trajectory planning considering morphing variables requires a huge number of expensive CFD computations due to the morphing in view of aerodynamic performance. Under the given missions and trajectory, to alleviate computational cost and improve trajectory-planning efficiency for morphing aircraft, an offline optimization method is proposed based on Multi-Fidelity Kriging (MFK) modeling. The angle of attack, Mach number, sweep angle and axial position of the morphing wing are defined as variables for generating training data for building the MFK models, in which many inviscid aerodynamic solutions are used as low-fidelity data, while the less high-fidelity data are obtained by solving viscous flow. Then the built MFK models of the lift, drag and pressure centre at the different angles of attack and Mach numbers are used to predict the aerodynamic performance of the morphing aircraft, which keeps the optimal sweep angle and axial position of the wing during trajectory planning. Hence, the morphing rules can be correspondingly acquired along the trajectory, as well as keep the aircraft with the best aerodynamic performance during the whole task. The trajectory planning of a morphing aircraft was performed with the optimal aerodynamic performance based on the MFK models, built by only using 240 low-fidelity data and 110 high-fidelity data. The results indicate that a complex trajectory can take advantage of morphing rules in keeping good aerodynamic performance, and the proposed method is more efficient than trajectory optimization by reducing 86% of the computing time.     

一种圆翼飞行器风洞实验与随动机制

阐述了圆翼随动机制的基本原理,研制了无人验证机,并进行了风洞实验研究。结果表明：可以绕 其圆心自由转动的圆形机翼（简称“圆翼”）能随其两侧气动阻力的不平衡而转动,从而消除翼 面上的侧滑效应。采用这种气动结构的飞机具有绕其立轴转动,在转弯时可实现机翼无倾斜 的航向机动能力。圆翼相对其任一轴线都是对称的。当机头偏离航向线而发生侧滑时,与机 身同轴的圆翼在气动阻力的作用下,向反方向转动,以新的纵轴对正航向,继续保持机 翼的气动平衡。     

Fixed-time position coordinated tracking control for spacecraft formation flying with collision avoidance

In this paper, the fixed-time stability of spacecraft formation reconfiguration (position tracking) is studied. Firstly, a novel nonsingular terminal sliding mode surface is designed and based on which a fixed-time coordinated controller is designed to keep the closed-loop system states have a finite settling time bounded by some predefined constants. Secondly, another nonsingular terminal sliding mode surface is designed by combining the artificial potential function and the aforementioned sliding surface, which meets the mutual distance constraint during transition process among spacecraft when it is bounded. Then another coordinated controller with fixed-time observer considering mutual distance constraint is presented, which guarantees the closed-loop system states stable also in bounded settling time. Finally, simulation results are shown to validate the correctness of the proposed theorems. It is worth mentioning that the control schemes also work even though there is a properly limit on the control input.     

共面伴飞相对运动椭圆相位最省燃料控制问题

针对伴随微纳卫星资源受限,轨控需实现最省燃料控制的现实问题,基于Hill方程和二元函数极值理论,研究了共面编队伴飞卫星的最省燃料相位控制策略。分析结果表明：当需要改变的相位为锐角、ΔV<05nb横向控制对相对运动椭圆相位改变效率最高,ΔV=05nb|cosΘ|控后相位为相对运动椭圆左右点,同时将相对运动椭圆短半轴控小;以伴随卫星绕参考卫星共面伴飞相位控制为例,应用这一理论求解了控制策略。     

基于准则的大展弦比飞翼气动设计

从设计实际出发,为切实提高气动性能,开展了大展弦比飞翼无人机(UAV)的气动设计及分析研究.在设计分析过程中,依据飞翼无人机的特征,提出了气动设计准则;基于设计准则,采用更新设计的策略,结合变可信度数值模拟、代理模型优化方法构建了优化设计框架;针对飞翼无人机开展了参数化表达、无限插值网格自动生成以及多轮更新优化,得到了优化推荐构型;应用γ-Re_θt转捩模型方法对优化构型的气动性能进行了细致地验证分析.研究结果表明:通过气动设计,飞翼无人机设计构型很好地契合了设计准则,其巡航升阻比相比最初的原始构型提高了14%,γ-Re_θt转捩模型能较细致地分析大展弦比飞翼的流动特征.      

飞翼布局飞机舵面偏转速率设计

舵面偏转速率的大小是飞机飞行控制系统设计的重要约束之一.当偏转速率饱和时,在外界干扰或操纵下,飞机可能进入自激振荡(PIO)状态,导致飞行品质下降.建立了飞翼布局飞机舵面偏转速率限制值的设计方法,给出了某大展弦比飞翼布局飞机的三轴主操纵面偏转速率设计的算例,分析了偏转速率限制对飞机动态响应特性的影响及其与飞机本体气动导数、转动惯量、展弦比构成的组合参数间的关系.结果表明:对于大展弦比飞翼布局飞机而言,其横向主操纵面偏转速率限制值要求最高,纵向次之,航向最低.研究方法和结果可用于飞翼布局飞机的操纵舵面与飞行控制系统初步设计时参考.