发动机试验台测力机构柔性梁设计研究

柔性梁的刚度性能影响风洞盒式应变天平的精准度,是发动机试验台测力试验数据精确可靠的重要保证,而柔性铰链更是柔性梁设计的关键所在。首先,借助有限元分析方法对四种典型柔性铰链进行计算分析,优选出综合刚性最好的柔性铰链形式;其次,基于选择的柔性铰链形式,研究三个关键结构参数对铰链刚度的影响;最后,设计五种不同厚度的柔性梁进行有限元分析,并加工实物模型进行加载试验验证。结果表明:铰链宽度b=40mm、半径R=5mm、最小厚度t=4mm时双圆弧柔性梁的综合刚度最好,且侧向柔度大,轴向刚度优;有限元计算值和试验值吻合良好,误差小于5%,表明将有限元方法运用于柔性梁的设计优化是可行、可靠的。     

任意应力比下涡轮盘的塑性应变能寿命模型

以首次加、卸载时由于塑性变形导致循环应力应变曲线偏离弹性线的面积为损伤参量，从能量的角度建立了塑性应变能寿命模型，并运用平方插值的方法获得了任意应力比下塑性应变能和疲劳寿命的关系.利用某发动机涡轮盘的螺栓孔模拟试件与级间盘的跑道孔模拟试件的试验结果进行验证与对比.结果显示:根据应力比采用平方插值时塑性应变能寿命模型计算精度更高.螺栓孔试件的计算寿命与试验结果相差9.42%；跑道孔试件仅相差1.88%.总体上看，该模型计算结果与试验结果吻合很好，具有较高的精度.      

基于半理论法预测基础激励下纤维增强悬臂梁结构应变能

提出了半理论法预测基础激励下纤维增强悬臂梁结构应变能。首先，建立了基础激励下纤维增强复合梁结构的应变能分析模型。然后，明确了采用半理论法预测纤维增强悬臂梁应变能的相关原理，并给出预测纤维增强悬臂梁应变能的具体流程。最后，测试获得该类型梁结构在某基础激励幅度下的振动位移响应，验证所建立的应变能分析模型的正确性，可以采用半理论法来分析预测复合梁的应变能，同时还与相同尺寸的铝合金梁的预测结果进行了对比。结果证明:在相同激励幅度下，纤维增强悬臂梁的应变能相对于铝合金梁结构要低于24%~36%，可以利用应变能指标来客观评价复合结构件相对于金属构件的减振能力。      

推进剂贮箱用2A14铝合金接头应力腐蚀性能研究

为了研究推进剂贮箱用2A14铝合金接头介质相容性,分析了铝合金的应力腐蚀机理,以2A14-T6铝合金本体、搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)接头和变极性氩弧焊(VPTIG)接头为研究对象,通过慢应变速率拉伸法进行应力腐蚀试验研究。结果表明,2A14铝合金在3.5%NaCl溶液中存在应力腐蚀现象,FSW接头的抗腐蚀性能优于VPTIG接头。。     

Optimized design of high-efficiency lunar soil sampling tube structure based on stress–strain law

Understanding the influence of the sampling apparatus on in-situ lunar soil lamination information during the sampling process of the direct push-through lunar weathering layer is of great importance. This paper develops a discrete element model for direct push-through lunar weathering layer sampling using the CUG-1A simulated lunar soil developed by the China University of Geosciences as a simulation object and determines the stress–strain law of the inner wall of a sampling tube. A method for optimizing the inner wall structure of a sampling tube based on the stress–strain law is proposed. The structural disturbance of the marker layer and the lunar soil disturbance rate evaluation function are used to assess the degree of disturbance of the laminar information during the sampling process. The results show that the proposed method can effectively reduce the structural disturbance of the lunar soil in-situ laminar information. In addition, it can also optimize the structural information disturbance of the marker layer. The proposed method can decrease the simulated lunar soil disturbance rate from 0.31 to 0.251 and effectively reduce the penetration force load by 15–20% in the direct push-through sampling process.     

Macro-phenomenological high-strain-rate elastic fracture model for ice-impact simulations

The ice impact can cause a severe damage to an aircraft’s exposed structure, thus, requiring its prevention. The numerical simulation represents an effective method to overcome this challenge. The establishment of the ice material model is critical. However, ice is not a common structural material and exhibits an extremely complex material behavior. The material models of ice reported so far are not able to accurately simulate the ice behavior at high strain rates. This study proposes a novel high-precision macro-phenomenological elastic fracture model based on the brittle behavior of ice at high strain rates. The developed model has been compared with five reported models by using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method so as to simulate the ice-impact process with respect to the impact speeds and ice shapes. The important metrics and phenomena (impact force history, deformation and fragmentation of the ice projectile and deflection of the target) were compared with the experimental data reported in the literature. The findings obtained from the developed model are observed to be most consistent with the experimental data, which demonstrates that the model represents the basic physics and phenomena governing the ice impact at high strain rates. The developed model includes a relatively fewer number of material parameters. Further, the used parameters have a clear physical meaning and can be directly obtained through experiments. Moreover, no adjustment of any material parameter is needed, and the consumption duration is also acceptable. These advantages indicate that the developed model is suitable for simulating the ice-impact process and can be applied for the anti-ice impact design in aviation.