航空发动机双转子系统不对中研究进展

转子不对中是旋转机械最常见的故障之一。不对中常引起整机振动加剧、轴承磨损、转静子碰摩等故障，严重时将造成灾难性事故。航空发动机转子系统由于结构复杂、工作温差大、多支点弹性支承，更容易造成滚动轴承支承不对中、联轴器不对中、动态不对中等不对中故障。虽然航空发动机不对中问题严重，但这方面的研究却相对缺乏。本文针对航空发动机转子系统的结构特点，首先论述了滚动轴承不对中、联轴器不对中、航空发动机转子不对中3种不对中故障的研究现状；其次，讨论了不对中转子系统非线性动力学特性及不对中故障定量分析方面的研究成果。最后，对航空发动机双转子系统不对中研究的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Simulation of long-term rotational dynamics of large space debris: A TOPEX/Poseidon case study

Accurate knowledge of the rotational dynamics of a large space debris is crucial for space situational awareness (SSA), whether it be for accurate orbital predictions needed for satellite conjunction analyses or for the success of an eventual active debris removal mission charged with stabilization, capture and removal of debris from orbit. In this light, the attitude dynamics of an inoperative satellite of great interest to the space debris community, the joint French and American spacecraft TOPEX/Poseidon, is explored. A comparison of simulation results with observations obtained from high-frequency satellite range measurements is made, showing that the spacecraft is currently spinning about its minor principal axis in a stable manner. Predictions of the evolution of its attitude motion to 2030 are presented, emphasizing the uncertainty on those estimates due to internal energy dissipation, which could cause a change of its spin state in the future. The effect of solar radiation pressure and the eddy-current torque are investigated in detail, and insights into some of the satellite’s missing properties are provided. These results are obtained using a novel, open-source, coupled orbit-attitude propagation software, the Debris SPin/Orbit Simulation Environment (D-SPOSE), whose primary goal is the study of the long-term evolution of the attitude dynamics of large space debris.     

一种基于聚类分析的二维激波模式识别算法

在激波捕捉求解器计算的可压缩无黏流场基础上，提出了一种探测并识别二维激波干扰模式的新算法，从3个层面详细介绍了该算法的实施流程。首先，采用基于当地流场参数设计的传统激波探测方法，辨识出激波附近的一系列网格单元；其次，通过经典的K-means聚类算法将这些激波单元划分成许多簇，并根据簇的相邻信息定义每个簇的类别；最后，设定相关准则对某些紧邻的簇进行合并，进而确定各个激波干扰点的位置，记录各条激波分支所对应的簇，采用Bézier曲线拟合算法分别对其聚类中心进行拟合以获取更加光滑的激波线。数值试验表明，该算法不受网格类型的限制，不仅可以保证最终拟合的激波线具有较高的位置精度，还可以清晰地识别出流场中多激波干扰的模式，同时对分析非定常流场中激波的运动与演化过程也提供了一种有效的可视化手段。     

三维旋转水平轴风力机流场的PIV试验和数值模拟

通过粒子图像测速仪(Particle image velocimetry,PIV)测量和定常计算流体力学(Computational fluid dynamics,CFD)数值模拟相结合的方法,对某三维旋转水平轴风力机模型的流场展开研究。在风洞开口实验段,来流风速为8m/s,针对不同尖速比(λ=4,8)利用PIV技术对风力机叶片的瞬时速度场进行测试。通过定常CFD数值模拟,获得了风力机叶片在相应工况下的流场细节。在8m/s来流风速下,当尖速比大于7.4时,试验测得的风轮扭矩和风能利用率与数值模拟结果趋于一致。尖速比小于7.4时,试验测得的扭矩值低于计算值,其风能利用效率也较低。通过速度矢量分布可以看出,在λ=4时,PIV测得靠近叶根的两个截面S1,S2在叶背有明显的流动分离,CFD结果中仅在S1截面叶背存在流动分离,S2截面叶背存在低速区。在λ=9.8时,PIV和CFD结果均显示叶片绕流流场没有流动分离。尝试采用Gamma Theta转捩模型进行了数值模拟,在考虑了层流影响后,计算所得风轮扭矩更加接近试验值。     

Nonlinear dynamic behavior of a flexible asymmetric aero-engine rotor system in maneuvering flight

Aero-engine rotor systems installed in aircraft are considered to have a base motion. In this paper, a flexible asymmetric rotor system is modeled considering the nonlinear supports of ball bearings and Squeeze Film Dampers (SFDs), and the dynamic characteristics of the rotor system under maneuvering flight are systematically studied. Effects of the translational accelerative motions, the angular motions and the pitching flight with combined translational and angular motions on nonlinear dynamic behavior of the rotor system are investigated. The results show that, due to the nonlinear coupled effects among the rotor, ball bearings and SFDs, within the first bending resonance region, responses of the rotor show obvious nonlinear characteristics such as bistable phenomenon, amplitude jumping phenomenon and non-synchronous vibration. Translational acceleration motion of the aircraft leads to axis offset of the rotor system and thus results in the reduction and the final disappearance of the bistable rotating speed region. The pitching angular motion mainly affects rotational vibration of the rotor system, and thus further induces their transverse vibrations. For the pitching flight with combined translational and angular motions, a critical flight parameter is found to correspond to the conversion of two steady responses of the rotor system, in which one response displays small amplitude and synchronous vibration, and the other shows large amplitude and non-synchronous vibration.     

Erosion degradation characteristics of a linear electro-hydrostatic actuator under a high-frequency turbulent flow field

The paper proposes a performance degradation analysis model based on dynamic erosion wear for a novel Linear Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator (LEHA). Rather than the traditional statistical methods based on degradation data, the method proposed in this paper firstly analyzes the dominant progressive failure mode of the LEHA based on the working principle and working conditions of the LEHA. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method, combining the turbulent theory and the micro erosion principle, is used to establish an erosion model of the rectification mechanism. The erosion rates for different port openings, under a time-varying flow field, are obtained. The piecewise linearization method is applied to update the concentration of contaminated particles within the LEHA, in order to gain insight into the erosion degradation process at various stages of degradation. The main contribution of the proposed model is the application of the dynamic concentration of contamination particles in erosion analysis of Electro-Hydraulic Servo Valves (EHSVs), throttle valves, spool valves, and needle valves. The effects of system parameters and working conditions on component wear are analyzed by simulations. The results of the proposed model match the expected degradation process.     

近地径向等质量共线三星库仑编队飞行队形保持研究

研究了近地径向等质量共线三星库仑编队飞行队形保持控制问题。针对三星库仑编队相对运动动力学的复杂性，运用绳系编队的建模思想，建立了径向等质量共线三星库仑力编队在地球同步轨道处的非线性相对运动动力学模型。考虑库仑编队动力学特性和环境干扰不确定因素影响，基于该非线性动力学模型，设计了地球同步轨道处的等质量三星库仑编队滑膜反馈控制律，在滑模控制中加入了线性反馈项提高控制器的稳定性和准确性，同时保证了编队整体的鲁棒性。仿真结果表明,该控制律能够使编队达到预期静态构型，具有良好的控制性能。     

含间隙铰链的非线性动力学建模及数值分析

针对空间可展开机构中的含间隙铰链,建立非线性动力学模型,研究其非线性动力学特性。将含间隙铰链实体等效为"T"字型梁模型,针对两侧端部的径向碰撞和侧向碰撞,首次提出了碰撞点的检测算法。针对不同的碰撞类型,建立相应的非线性接触力和摩擦力分析模型,将碰撞点处的作用力等效施加到"T"字型梁模型上。进行"T"字型梁模型在轴向冲击载荷下的动力学特性分析,并与ANSYS软件的分析结果进行比较,验证了含间隙铰链非线性动力学模型的有效性。分析了有多个含间隙铰链的可展开桁架动力学响应特性,研究含间隙铰链对桁架响应的影响机理。结果表明:采用含间隙铰链的动力学模型,可以更加精确地分析可展开桁架结构的非线性动力学响应,为可展开桁架结构的动力学设计提供支撑。     

OH与CH2O双组分平面激光诱导荧光对旋流燃烧室火焰结构与脉动特征的研究

介绍了利用平面激光诱导荧光(PLIF)技术对航空发动机的旋流燃烧室模型在贫燃状态下工作特性的研究。通过对OH与CH2O双组分进行同步PLIF测量,获得了不同工况下燃烧室反应区以及预热区的瞬态结构信息。应用本征正交分解(POD)方法对OH PLIF的图像进行处理,得到了旋流火焰的主要脉动模态,并通过扩展本征正交分解(EPOD)方法计算出了相应POD模态的CH2O荧光信号分布。实验结果表明:随着燃烧室热功率的增大,火焰的整体结构、脉动模式均出现了明显的变化。在火焰高度增加的同时,轴向不稳定性逐渐增强,涡核旋进(PVC)的脉动特征相对减弱。在较大的热功率下,在燃烧室的外回流区(ERZ)出现未燃烧的燃料。      

碟形飞行低速特性

碟形飞行器是一种新颖的,采用翼身融合布局的飞行器.为获得碟形飞行器在低速条件下的总体特性,对其进行了风洞测力和动导数测量试验,结合稳定性分析和模型试飞研究了其总体性能.研究结果表明:碟形飞行器最大升阻比为12.2,失速迎角28°,全机纵向模态稳定,横航向滚转模态和荷兰滚模态稳定,螺旋模态发散,具有良好的飞行品质和综合性能.