周向局部处理机匣对压气机影响的数值研究

为了分析周向非均匀处理槽对压气机的影响,对一台单级跨声速轴流压气机进行了周向局部处理机匣与全周处理机匣的非定常数值研究.结果显示,具有相同处理槽数的周向局部处理机匣比全周处理机匣能获得更好的压气机性能.由于处理槽的周向非均匀性,前者给叶尖流场产生大尺度的周向非均匀特征,因而能提供后者所不具备的低频非定常作用.此外,提供了高、低频两种非定常作用的周向局部处理机匣能够同时改善叶尖泄漏涡与尾缘分离涡.      

Comparison of hindlimb unloading and partial weight suspension models for spaceflight-type condition induced effects on white blood cells

Animal models are frequently used to assist in the determination of the long- and short-term effects of space flight. The space environment, including microgravity, can impact many physiological and immunological system parameters. It has been found that ground based models of microgravity produce changes in white blood cell counts, which negatively affects immunologic function. As part of the Center of Acute Radiation Research (CARR), we compared the acute effects on white blood cell parameters induced by the more traditionally used animal model of hindlimb unloading (HU) with a recently developed reduced weightbearing analog known as partial weight suspension (PWS). Female ICR mice were either hindlimb unloaded or placed in the PWS system at 16% quadrupedal weightbearing for 4 h, 1, 2, 7 or 10 days, at which point complete blood counts were obtained. Control animals (jacketed and non-jacketed) were exposed to identical conditions without reduced weightbearing. Results indicate that significant changes in total white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte and eosinophil counts were observed within the first 2 days of exposure to each system. These differences in blood cell counts normalized by day 7 in both systems. The results of these studies indicate that there are some statistically significant changes observed in the blood cell counts for animals exposed to both the PWS and HU simulated microgravity systems.     

升力浮力复合型飞艇动导数分析

计算了球体和椭球体的平移、转动加速度导数,数值模拟了NACA0015翼型的俯仰振荡,验证了计算流体动力学(CFD)方法计算动导数的有效性.模拟升力浮力复合型飞艇的强迫振荡运动,得到了全艇以及机翼、艇身、平尾和垂尾的动导数,并与常规飞艇进行了比较分析.机翼对速度导数的贡献导致复合型飞艇升沉速度导数、滚转角速度导数较常规飞艇显著增大.常规飞艇加速度导数以惯性力成分为主,但黏性力成分以及机翼对艇身和尾翼的干扰对复合型飞艇升沉、滚转和俯仰3个方向的加速度导数有重要影响,不能将加速度导数简化为附加质量系数.      

基于偏最小二乘回归法的飞机总工时预测模型研究

从影响军用飞机生产制造工时的众多因素中提取出24个飞机总工时影响因素,采用统计学方法结合理论分析对此24个因素进行科学筛选,筛选出飞机最大起飞重量、最大速度、爬升率、最大过载、钛铝合金比例、复合材料与铝合金比例这6个关键影响因素。考虑偏最小二乘回归(PLS)法在处理小样本多元数据方面的优势,采用PLS法对飞机总工时进行预测,预测结果表明PLS预测模型平均检验误差约为10%。该模型在实际使用过程中,只需获得飞机性能指标和材料构成等少数设计参数即可在飞机产品生产制造前对飞机生产制造总工时进行宏观预测,具有参数少、物理意义明晰、操作简单、便于使用、准确率高等特点,可为缺乏详细设计信息和生产信息的飞机研制早期方案优选、设计优化或对其进行费用分析和成本控制、固定资产投资、安排生产计划等工作提供相对准确的飞机产品工时。     

基于PLSR-CER模型的大飞机成本风险控制

大型飞机的研制往往存在多种难以预见的不确定性因素,而且目前国内大型客机研制经验缺乏,相关的性能参数和研制成本的历史数据稀少,并存在多重相关性等问题,因此,文中引入了偏最小二乘回归方法,以客机的机体特征及性能特征作为多因变量,建立了一种多因变量对单一自变量的成本预测回归模型,并将部分客机性能参数和成本数据导入成本预测回归模型进行验证。实例分析表明,基于偏最小二乘回归法(Partial least-squares reqression,PLSR)构建的费用估算关系(Cost estimating relationship,CER)模型相对传统预测模型有很大的改善,预测的精度更高,更能体现客机研制成本与前期的性能要求之间的关系。     

一种载人航天器气压控制系统仿真模型

为支持航天员在轨驻留,载人航天器须利用气压控制系统将密封舱内的氧分压和总压控制在指标范围内。为分析气压控制系统的工作性能,文章提出了一种气压控制系统仿真模型,利用关键参数和主要特性描述公式对气压控制系统的主要要素进行定义,形成了密封舱、航天员、供氧组件、供氮组件、舱体漏孔等的数学模型,并定义了要素之间的接口关系。将正常模式和舱体泄漏模式下的仿真模型计算结果与载人航天器相关地面试验数据进行对比,证明了仿真模型的正确性。最后,利用仿真模型分析了舱体容积和漏孔通径大小对密封舱氧分压和总压变化趋势的影响。     

临近空间长航时太阳能飞行器动导数特性及机理

为解决现有计算方法无法用于动导数机理分析的问题,通过理论推导得到了一组只需要较少总体气动参数的动导数计算公式。根据此计算公式进行的机理分析表明,临近空间长航时太阳能飞行器的大展弦比气动布局、高巡航升力系数对横航向动导数有直接影响。推导的动导数计算公式可用作此类飞行器动导数计算和分析的简便工具。     

基于CO2浓度监测的飞机火警探测方法

目前飞机普遍采用感温、感烟火警探测方法,其存在误报率高的缺陷.分析了发生火灾时气态燃烧产物的生成规律,提出了以CO_2气体为火警探测参量,通过准确监测环境中CO_2气体浓度的变化,进行飞机火警探测的方法;根据飞机飞行所处环境条件的特殊性,研究了基于非色散红外(NDIR)吸收原理的CO_2气体浓度监测的飞机火警探测方法应用于飞机上所面临的温度补偿难题;根据飞机火警探测器测量电压与环境温度、参比电压之间的关系,采用偏最小二乘(PLS)法建立飞机火警探测器温度补偿模型;根据飞机火警探测器测量电压与CO_2气体浓度之间的关系,采用PLS法建立CO_2气体浓度计算模型;研究了基于CO_2气体浓度监测的报警算法,为飞机火警探测提供了一种新的方法.     

高温气冷堆核电站主氦风机驱动电机绝缘系统评定技术研究

设计了一套在0.1 MPa氦气和空气环境下测试绝缘系统电气绝缘性能的试验装置,完成了0.1 MPa气压下氦气和空气中主氦风机驱动电机绝缘系统模型的局部放电起始电压(PDIV)、起晕电压、匝间冲击、绝缘电阻和工频击穿电压对比试验。试验结果表明:在0.1 MPa气压下,绝缘系统在氦气环境下的部分绝缘性能较空气中大幅下降,氦气环境下绝缘系统的PDIV值约为空气中的50%,起晕电压值约为空气中的20%~25%, 闪络(击穿)电压约为空气中的50%。     

A practical filter error method for aerodynamic parameter estimation of aircraft in turbulence

It is common for aircraft to encounter atmospheric turbulence in flight tests. Turbulence is usually modeled as stochastic process noise in the flight dynamics equations. In this paper, parameter estimation of nonlinear dynamic system with both process and measurement noise was studied, and a practical filter error method was proposed. The linearized Kalman filter of first-order approximation was used for state estimation, in which the filter gain, along with the system parameters and the initial states, constituted the parameter vector to be estimated. The unknown parameters and measurement noise covariance were estimated alternately by a relaxation iteration method, and the sensitivities of observations to unknown parameters were calculated by finite difference approximation. Some practical aspects of the method application were discussed. The proposed filter error method was validated by the flight simulation data of a research aircraft. Then, the method was applied to the flight tests of a subscale aircraft, and the aerodynamic stability and control derivatives were estimated. All the estimation results were compared with the results of the output error method to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach. It is shown that the filter error method is superior to the output error method for flight tests in atmospheric turbulence.