金属材料微裂纹取向与超声波和频非线性效应

针对非线性超声无损检测金属材料微裂纹取向角度的问题,开展了微裂纹取向与超声波的和频非线性效应研究,建立了超声和频非线性特征系数与微裂纹取向角度的关系模型。理论和有限元仿真实验结果表明,随着微裂纹取向角度的逐渐增大,超声和频非线性特征系数与微裂纹取向角度之间呈现明显的正相关趋势,而且相比二次非线性特征系数,和频非线性特征系数对微裂纹取向检测更为敏感。同时,从超声波平均能流密度（即声强）的角度出发,计算可知和频分量声强会随着微裂纹取向角度的增大而增大,而二次谐波声强基本不会发生变化,同时和频分量声强占比相比于二次谐波声强占比也得到了明显提高。超声波声强计算结果与仿真计算结果趋势基本一致,证明了理论模型的正确性。通过实验验证了模型的有效性,为金属材料微裂纹取向的检测提供了一种有效的手段。      

点阵单元类型和排布角度对传热特性的影响

基于瞬态液晶测试技术和数值仿真,在相同孔隙率条件下,研究了桁架型点阵结构的单元类型和排布角度对矩形通道壁面对流传热特性的影响.结果表明:点阵单元类型对壁面传热性能有决定性的影响,其中交叉排布的体心立方(body centered cubic-0,BCC-0)和Kagome-0点阵归因于出色的传热强化效果,雷诺数在5 7...     

Predicting performance in manually controlled rendezvous and docking through spatial abilities

Manually controlled rendezvous and docking (manual RVD) is a challenging space task for astronauts. This study aims to identify spatial abilities that are critical for accomplishing manual RVD. Based on task analysis, spatial abilities were deduced to be critical for accomplishing manual RVD. 15 Male participants performed manual RVD task simulations and spatial ability tests (the object-manipulation spatial ability and spatial orientation ability). Participants’ performance in the test of visualization of viewpoints (which measures the spatial orientation ability) was found to be significantly correlated with their manual RVD performance, indicating that the spatial orientation ability in the sense of perspective taking is particularly important for accomplishing manual RVD.     

Statistical characteristics of low latitude Pc4s: Influence of solar wind and IMF parameters

Pc4 signatures for the year 2013, extracted from geomagnetic north–south and east–west components of induction coil magnetometer (LEMI 30) from low latitude station Desalpar (DSP), operated by Institute of Seismological Research (ISR), India have been investigated vis-à-vis the prevalent interplanetary parameters (IMF) as well as the geomagnetic activity indices. A clear dominance of Pc4-5 (467 events) over Pc3 (17 events) is observed. Local time variation of Pc4 shows a peak in the noon sector in both X and Y components. Our investigations show that the dominant peak frequency is 10 mHz at low latitude region. Correlations with solar wind and IMF parameters illustrate highest occurrence of Pc4 for a solar wind speed of 300–400 km/s and average IMF B field of 3–6 nT. The amplitude of Pc4s at DSP shows an increase with increasing solar wind speed, plasma density, solar wind dynamic pressure and average B field which is also reflected in the trend of frequency variation of these pulsations. We report that IMF clock angle at low latitude does not have influence on Pc4 occurrence. Based on the characteristics of these events, detected in latitudinally distributed stations from low and mid-latitudes from northern and southern hemisphere, we infer that modes were compressional, which could be driven by K-H instability or solar wind dynamic pressure, as compressional modes can propagate to low latitude with little attenuation.     

发动机故障诊断的变记忆约束滤波算法

为提高故障诊断可靠性,给出了3种利用多次测量信息减少测量误差影响的方法,即变记忆约束滤波算法、分段算术平均预平滑算法以及指数顶平滑算法。其中,变记忆约束滤波算法能够有效地避免由于故障方程多重共线性所引起的病态解。证明了多故障诊断问题中滤波算法与分段算术平均算法的等价性,证明了在衰减滤波的条件下（第一变记忆因子小于1）,随测量点数的增加,变记忆滤波算法的第一变记忆因子与指数平滑的平滑系数之和趋近于1。利用计算机仿真方法对于所得结论进行了检验。     

DD3单晶高温合金拉伸蠕变各向异性

研究了镍基单晶高温合金ＤＤ３（００１）,（０１１）,（１１１）取向光滑圆拉伸试样在７６０℃,８５０℃,９５０℃典型应力条件下的拉伸蠕变特征。试验发现,在较高蠕变应力水平时,ＤＤ３ 单晶合金具有明显且复杂的拉伸蠕变各向异性,且蠕变变形率及其对应力增加的敏感性的强弱顺序会随温度变化而发生变化。这归因于该合金的成分特征、蠕变应力、晶体取向决定的蠕变主滑移系类型（八面体、立方及二者混合）及位错移动动力学特点的不同     

晶体取向对第四代单晶高温合金DD15高周疲劳性能的影响

在定向炉中分别采用籽晶法制备了[001]、[011]和[111]3种不同取向的第四代单晶高温合金DD15,在800℃研究了不同取向的高周疲劳性能,分析了合金不同取向的显微组织、疲劳断口形貌和疲劳断裂组织。结果表明:在凝固方向横截面上不同取向合金的铸态枝晶和热处理γ′相组织明显不同。合金800℃的高周疲劳性能存在各向异性,疲劳极限按[111]、[001]、[011]取向的顺序降低。不同取向合金的高周疲劳都是沿平面断裂,断裂平面与试样中心应力轴线的角度不同,角度按[011]、[001]、[111]取向的顺序逐渐减小。不同取向高周疲劳断口特征基本相同,可见疲劳源区、疲劳扩展区和瞬断区。疲劳裂纹起源于试样表面或亚表面并沿{111}平面扩展。扩展区上可见河流状花样和疲劳条带。瞬断区可见撕裂棱和解理台阶特征,其断裂机制都为类解理断裂。由于试验温度较低,不同取向疲劳断裂后的γ′相仍保持立方形状。     

一种时间欠采样实时频率和二维角估计方法

提出了用均匀平行线阵和阵元输出信号的时间延迟估计时间欠采样来波频率、方位角和仰角的方法.该算法在DFT波束空间使用PRO-ESPRIT方法,实现频率无模糊估计,完成来波信号频率和角度的估计.频率间接估计算法是先估计数字频率,然后用数字频率求模拟频率,其估计方差比直接估计算法的方差要小几个数量级.仿真实验表明了算法的有效性.     

飞秒激光激励闪锌矿晶体产生太赫兹辐射的数学分析

基于飞秒激光激励闪锌矿晶体的太赫兹源实现方法较为简单,已有研究证明发射效率与晶体晶向选择,飞秒激光入射角以及偏振态相关,文章通过详细的理论分析与数学计算,讨论了正入射以及斜入射情况下太赫兹辐射最优化条件,获得了明确的飞秒激光入射角、偏振态、晶体晶向的选择依据,对提高太赫兹输出效率具有重要的指导意义。     

基于红外波段船载星光定向仪白昼恒星探测技术

摘要： 白昼恒星探测技术是船载星光定向仪海上应用的关键技术之一.本文基于实测星图给出白昼恒星探测技术的理论公式和实现方案.该技术针对实测红外星图中的背景噪声、伪星点、坏像素、对灰度背景的适应性问题,分别设计星图滤波算法、多帧伪星点剔除算法、坏像素索引表以及多梯度渐进积分时间调整算法.通过外场观星和组合导航实验验证该技术的有效性和精度.