利用偏振图像加权融合及CLAHE算法的水下成像方法

针对传统基于偏振差分原理的水下光学成像方法中目标退偏振特性差异引起的图像中局部反射光损失的问题,本文提出了基于偏振图像加权融合与限制对比度自适应直方图均衡（Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization, CLAHE）算法的水下成像方法。一方面,将原始水下图像分解为偏振光强图像和非偏振光强图像,根据不同退偏振特性目标在两幅图像中的灰度值分布特点,设计相应的权重因子,对两幅图像进行加权融合。从而实现在压缩原始水下图像中散射光的同时,保留更多目标反射光,提升整体目标反射光在融合图像中所占的比例。另一方面,为了进一步提升融合图像的对比度,利用限制对比度自适应直方图均衡算法对融合图像进行处理。该算法能够在提升融合图像对比度的同时,有效避免图像噪声的放大。实验结果表明,相比于传统的偏振差分方法以及独立的直方图均衡化算法,本文提出的算法能够有效提升水下图像的清晰度和对比度。     

H波段折反式星敏感器光学系统设计

面向短波红外星敏感器在机载平台、弹载平台以及舰载平台的应用需求,设计了H波段折反式星敏感器光学系统。该折反式镜头总长为232mm、焦距为704.3mm、全视场为2°、F数为3.9、探测极限星等为6。结果表明：调制传递函数值接近衍射极限,在奈奎斯特采样频率处大于0.5;各视场径向能量趋于一致,弥散斑可覆盖2~3像元;相对畸变小于0.1%,满足指标要求。本文可为近地空间短波红外星敏感器的工程应用提供理论基础与技术支持。     

光时域反射仪检定装置测量不确定度评定

介绍了光时域反射仪检定装置的测量不确定度评定方法,此方法适用于建立计量标准的测量不确定度评定.     

HIRDES – The High-Resolution Double-Echelle Spectrograph for the World Space Observatory Ultraviolet (WSO/UV)

The World Space Observatory Ultraviolet (WSO/UV) is a multi-national project grown out of the needs of the astronomical community to have future access to the UV range. WSO/UV consists of a single UV telescope with a primary mirror of 1.7 m diameter feeding the UV spectrometer and UV imagers. The spectrometer comprises three different spectrographs, two high-resolution echelle spectrographs (the High-Resolution Double-Echelle Spectrograph, HIRDES) and a low-dispersion long-slit instrument. Within HIRDES the 102–310 nm spectral band is split to feed two echelle spectrographs covering the UV range 174–310 nm and the vacuum-UV range 102–176 nm with high spectral resolution (R > 50,000). The technical concept is based on the heritage of two previous ORFEUS SPAS missions. The phase-B1 development activities are described in this paper considering performance aspects, design drivers, related trade-offs (mechanical concepts, material selection etc.) and a critical functional and environmental test verification approach. The current state of other WSO/UV scientific instruments (imagers) is also described.     

Improving surface integrity when drilling CFRPs and Ti-6Al-4V using sustainable lubricated liquid carbon dioxide

In the quest for decreasing fuel consumption and resulting gas emissions in the aeronautic sector, lightweight materials such as Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRPs) and Ti-6Al-4V alloys are being used. These materials, with excellent weight-to-strength ratios, are widely used for structural applications in aircraft manufacturing. To date, several studies have been published showing that the use of metalworking fluids (MWFs), special tool geometries, or advanced machining techniques is required to ensure a surface quality that meets aerospace component standards. Conventional MWFs pose a number of environmental and worker health hazards and also degrade the mechanical properties of CFRPs due to water absorption in the composite. Therefore, a transition to more environmentally friendly cooling/lubrication techniques that prevent moisture problems in the composite is needed. This research shows that lubricated LCO₂ is a viable option to improve the quality of drilled CFRP and titanium aerospace components compared to dry machining, while maintaining clean work areas. The results show that the best combination of tool geometry and cooling conditions for machining both materials is drilling with Brad point drills and lubricated LCO₂. Drilling under these conditions resulted in a 90 % improvement in fiber pull-out volume compared to dry machined CFRP holes. In addition, a 33 % reduction in burr height and a 15 % improvement in surface roughness were observed compared to dry drilling of titanium.     

多模光纤耦合损耗测量

设计了测量光纤耦合损耗的实验装置,测量了多模光纤与光源的耦合损耗、多模光纤与多模光纤在纵向偏移及横向偏移时的耦合损耗,理论上分析计算耦合损耗,实验结果与理论计算有较好的一致性。     

功率谱密度(PSD)在评价超精密光学表面中的应用研究

用原子力显微镜对不同工艺下获得的超光滑反射镜基片进行了功率谱密度(PSD)检测,并对结果进行分析,以指导光学元件加工。     

Twaron纤维的新型化学活化方法

以傅瑞德-克拉夫茨(Friedel-Crafts)反应为基础,活化处理Twaron纤维的惰性表面。对经过活化处理的Twaron纤维进行了单丝拔出(SFP)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、红外图谱(FTIR)、表面电子能谱(XPS),以及表面自由能等测试。测试结果显示,经过活化处理后,Twaron纤维表面因环氧基团的接枝而使表面自由能显著增加;纤维表面的结晶结构未发生显著改变,纤维的本体强度未降低;相对应的环氧树脂基复合材料的单丝拔出强度提高了约50%。     

多模光纤强度调制型扰动传感器传感原理

介绍了一种采用"单模光纤-多模光纤-单模光纤"结构的强度调制型扰动传感器,传感光纤为多模光纤.以提高传感灵敏度为目的,对强度调制的传感原理进行研究,并通过仿真及实验验证原理,得出使用相干光源、阶跃折射率多模光纤、对轴熔接单模光纤和多模光纤可以得到传感灵敏度很高的扰动传感器.所述方案结构简单、传感距离长,可应用于各种扰动传感领域,如边界线、军事基地、石油管道等.