手征媒质的手征参量ξc对反射特性的影响

利用传输线理论 ,分析金属衬底的单层手征介质与自由空间的分界面上电磁波垂直入射时 ,ξc数值的变化对媒质反射特性的影响。计算结果及部分实验结果表明 :在媒质中掺杂手征微结构的浓度增加 ,等效于ξc 的实部与虚部同时变化。分别改变ξc的实部与虚部 ,结果发现 ,手征参数ξc的虚部调整在最佳值时 ,会在某一频率点上取得最小反射率 ;而随着ξc的实部增加 ,最小反射频率减小。由此得出结论 ,在设计手征吸波媒质时 ,可以通过优化设计 ξc的实部、虚部的值 ,来实现在某一波段上较佳的吸波特性。     

Who are the SETI sceptics?

Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence (SETI) is now more than half a century old and has provoked enough discussion on technical, philosophical, and popular level, much of it critical. Historically, the criticism of SETI has been strong enough to heavily influence the course of research, so that there is a significant interest in discerning the nuances and fine points of critical argumentation. In this paper, I outline the two major forms of SETI scepticism, “fundamentalist” and “instrumentalist,” which are often conflated in the published literature, both technical and popular. Precise delineation between these two types of scepticism is important for future research as a part of a wider taxonomic project, the build-up of SETI theory, as well as for smooth joining of SETI with the ongoing astrobiological revolution. Resolving the confusion in this respect is likely to lead to an improved atmosphere and heightened public image of future SETI searches and related activities.     

光——一种特殊的建筑材料

本文主要根据光在当代建筑艺术的应用,探讨光这种特殊的材料的特点及其作用,以期唤起人们对光材料的重新认识和重视,并主动合理地把它运用到建筑设计中去.     

模拟飞机尾喷焰辐射传输的非结构有限体积法

有限体积法因其物理意义明确,在流动与传热的数值计算中有广泛的应用。在利用有限体积法求解辐射传输问题时,不仅能够保证在每一控制体内辐射能量守恒,还可以保证在每一个控制立体角内辐射能量守恒,因而使得模拟结果具有较高的精度;同时,非结构化网格技术是处理复杂几何形状物理问题的一种有效方法。本文编写了求解辐射传输的非结构化有限体积法程序,将计算结果与其他文献的算例进行了对比,证明了模型和程序的正确性,分析了各种因素对程序计算精度和计算时间的影响。在此基础上,将求解辐射传输的非结构化网格有限体积法程序集成到Fluent软件中,计算了飞机尾喷焰的温度场分布。     

Modeling gravity effects on water retention and gas transport characteristics in plant growth substrates

Growing plants to facilitate life in outer space, for example on the International Space Station (ISS) or at planned deep-space human outposts on the Moon or Mars, has received much attention with regard to NASA’s advanced life support system research. With the objective of in situ resource utilization to conserve energy and to limit transport costs, native materials mined on Moon or Mars are of primary interest for plant growth media in a future outpost, while terrestrial porous substrates with optimal growth media characteristics will be useful for onboard plant growth during space missions. Due to limited experimental opportunities and prohibitive costs, liquid and gas behavior in porous substrates under reduced gravity conditions has been less studied and hence remains poorly understood. Based on ground-based measurements, this study examined water retention, oxygen diffusivity and air permeability characteristics of six plant growth substrates for potential applications in space, including two terrestrial analogs for lunar and Martian soils and four particulate substrates widely used in reduced gravity experiments. To simulate reduced gravity water characteristics, the predictions for ground-based measurements (1 − g) were scaled to two reduced gravity conditions, Martian gravity (0.38 − g) and lunar gravity (0.16 − g), following the observations in previous reduced gravity studies. We described the observed gas diffusivity with a recently developed model combined with a new approach that estimates the gas percolation threshold based on the pore size distribution. The model successfully captured measured data for all investigated media and demonstrated the implications of the poorly-understood shift in gas percolation threshold with improved gas percolation in reduced gravity. Finally, using a substrate-structure parameter related to the gaseous phase, we adequately described the air permeability under reduced gravity conditions.     

船舶燃气轮机进气系统中过滤装置数值模型化处理方法研究

为了研究船舶燃气轮机进气系统中,过滤装置数值模型化处理方法的模拟精度及其适用性。针对一种双通道船舶燃气轮机进气系统,分别采用Fan边界和多孔介质模型方法对过滤装置（百叶窗、滤清器）的复杂结构进行处理,开展进气系统内流场特性的详细数值计算研究。结果表明：进气系统大部分总压损失源于燃烧空气滤清器产生的总压损失和竖井中的流动损失;与Fan边界相比,多孔介质模型方法能够获得更贴合实际的进气系统流场,对系统总压损失的预测更具可靠性;两种方法计算出的进气系统流动损失相差不超过10%;使用Fan边界需保证过滤装置不产生明显的整流作用,且压力损失实验数据完备,而选用多孔介质模型需要已知过滤装置阻力系数、孔隙率等物理参数。     

基于高温瞬态热响应的石英窗口导热系数反演

提出一种利用高温加热下瞬态热响应信息来同时反演石英窗口在不同温度下导热系数的方法。结合实验测试过程,首先建立石英窗口-石墨板-石英窗口三明治结构高温非灰体辐射-导热耦合传热模型。再通过实际测试温度响应结果和材料光谱辐射特性参数,构建石英窗口导热系数的遗传算法反演辨识模型。采用1 100 K加热条件下实验数据,反演辨识获得了常温至1 100 K石英窗口导热系数介于1.35~2.58 $\mathrm{W}/(\mathrm{m}?\mathrm{K})$,并拟合出高温导热系数关联式。结果表明:该材料辐射对导热系数影响随温度升高而增大,在1 100 K下辐射影响占比16.12%。最终通过变工况的高温传热过程测试,验证了方法的可靠性及导热系数数据的准确性。      

烟气覆盖表面红外温度测量的实验分析

为了研究辐射参与性烟气对红外测温法金属壁面温度测量的影响,首先根据实验中红外探测器测量得到的表面温度分布的特点,建立了一维表面红外测温模型;然后根据红外热成像测温原理及辐射传输理论,利用源项多流法分析模型计算了烟气覆盖表面在不同烟气厚度和不同表面温度下红外探测器获得的温度;最后利用马弗炉模拟不同温度的表面,振动筛模拟不同浓度和厚度的烟气环境,在实验室条件下设计搭建了模拟烟气覆盖表面的红外测温实验系统,实验验证了源项多流法分析模型,实验测量得到的温度与分析模型预测的温度吻合较好,并提出了利用反演方法修正红外测温的设想。     

数字化实体制造及其实践

提出了工业产品的数字化实体概念,指出了数字化实体制造良好的应用前景.讨论了工业产品数字化实体制造实现的关键技术及其现状,分析了目前存在的主要问题,最后介绍了作者在数字化实体制造方面的实践情况.     

发汗冷却喷管多孔壁面的分段设计分析

对于采用烧结多孔结构作为发汗冷却壁面的喷管,为最大限度的减少冷却剂流量,提出了对多孔介质壁面沿轴向进行分段的发汗冷却结构.通过采用Fluent软件对分4段结构的多孔壁面推力室发汗冷却进行数值模拟并且与不分段的发汗冷却喷管比较发现,分4段的结构在满足室壁温冷却要求的前提下可将冷却剂与主气流量百分比从28.3%降至12.6%,这表明烧结多孔结构分段设计是减少喷管发汗冷却剂流量的有效手段.