支线飞机替换战略的经济性分析

随着中国城市化进程的发展,西部地区和三四线城市的航空出行需求快速增加。航空公司通常采用干线飞机投入西部航线和三四线城市航空市场,由于客座率不高且航班频次不足,航空公司经济效益不高,西部地区和部分三四线城市的航空出行需求也未得到充分满足。为解决供需矛盾,采用国产某支线飞机替换部分航线经济效益不好的干线飞机虽被提上日程,但是对于替换战略的经济性缺乏定量描述,航空公司始终处于观望状态,进而制约了支线飞机的市场推广。为解决上述问题,构建支线飞机替换战略的经济性模型,随后进行模型验证与仿真分析,比较支线飞机和干线飞机的航段收益,分析所有权模式和关键费用驱动因子对支线飞机运营经济性的影响规律,进而提出支线飞机的优势区域和提升运营经济性的有效措施。     

Numerical Simulation of Rotor Flow Field Based on Overset Grids and Several Spatial and Temporal Discretization Schemes

A numerical method based on solutions of Euler/Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations is developed for calculating the flow field over a rotor in hover. Jameson central scheme, van Leer flux-vector splitting scheme, advection upwind splitting method (AUSM) scheme, upwind AUSM/van Leer scheme, AUSM+ scheme and AUSMDV scheme are implemented for spatial discretization, and van Albada limiter is also applied. For temporal discretization, both explicit Runge-Kutta method and implicit lower-upper symmetric Gauss-Seidel (LU-SGS) method are attempted. Simultaneously, overset grid technique is adopted. In detail, hole-map method is utilized to identify intergrid boundary points (IGBPs). Furthermore, aimed at identification issue of donor elements, inverse-map method is implemented. Eventually, blade surface pressure distributions derived from numerical simulation are validated compared with experimental data, showing that all the schemes mentioned above have the capability to predict the rotor flow field accurately. At the same time, vorticity contours are illustrated for analysis, and other characteristics are also analyzed.     

组合升力体动力学建模与仿真

设计了组合升力体总体布局，提出了新的组合升力体建模思路与方法，建立了完整的组合升力体飞行动力学数值仿真模型。建模时综合考虑了主要气动力部件的建模，详细讨论了旋翼／固定翼过渡飞行模式的建模方法。根据提出的建模方法进行了组合升力体的操纵响应分析，仿真结果证明了建模理论和方法的合理性和有效性。     

RELATIONSHIPS FOR MOTION DESCRIBED IN ANY TWO ROTATIONAL REFERENCE FRAMES

In this paper the definitions of the relative derivatives of a vector with respect to time in any reference frame by using the notation of vectrix are proposed. It is further shown that with the help of vectrix one can treat the relative derivatives more clearly and more rigorously when multiple reference frames are concerned. Very useful relationships between the first order relative derivatives described in any two reference frames are derived. Relationships for the second order relative derivatives are also presented in detail. A new concept called "rotation induced acceleration" which is caused by the rotation of two reference frames when motion is necessarily described in them is presented. The result obtained in this paper is the generalization of the acceleration theorem given in conventional theoretical mechanics.     

Structure and kinetic properties of slow-mode shocks associated with magnetic reconnection in the near-Earth magnetotail

We study the structure and kinetic properties of slow-mode shocks near the plasma sheet boundary layer (PSBL) associated with magnetic reconnection by Cluster observation. The presence of slow-mode shocks is confirmed by traditional Rankine–Hugoniot (RH) analysis and Monte-Carlo shock fitting method. The Walén analysis, applied to the tailward flow associated with slow-mode shocks, also supports that plasma was accelerated across a Petschek-type slow-mode shock connected to the diffusion region. Back-streaming ions were observed on the shock layer, and cold ions were accelerated and heated by slow-mode shocks. In addition, whistler and electrostatic solitary waves were observed around the slow-mode shocks. These waves might be excited by the observed field-aligned electron beams near the shocks.     

可压缩流动激波装配在格心型有限体积法中的应用

发展了一种基于格心型有限体积方法(FVM)的激波装配算法。通过定义网格节点属性可以灵活调用激波装配和激波捕捉计算方法。在使用激波装配方法时,激波节点运动速度和下游运动速度通过Rankine-Hugoniot(R-H)关系式获得,同时采用非结构动网格技术描述激波的运动以及调整其他网格节点的位置。流过激波面元的通量为上游单元的基本通量,物理概念更加清晰,通量计算也更为准确。在计算过程中,网格节点属性可以发生变化,以此实现对带有拓扑变化流场的描述。数值试验表明:本文提出的计算方法不但具有较高的计算精度,同时能有效地避免由于捕捉激波而出现的数值问题。     

拖靶系统挂机安装角度计算

拖靶安全释放是拖靶系统正常执行任务的前提,拖靶挂机安装角度的优劣直接影响着拖靶的安全释放.依据拖靶释放特性建立了拖靶系统动力学模型,提出了拖靶安全释放的条件,给出了拖靶挂机安装角度的计算方法;通过实例对方法的正确性进行了验证,其结果直接应用于某新型拖机改装试验中,取得了满意的效果.     

二维三角晶格的Peierls相变前后的声子色散曲面的研究

利用晶格动力学理论计算了二维三角晶格的Peierls相变前后的声子能谱。并且在第一布里渊区绘制了声子色散曲面。通过对Peierls相变前后的声子能谱比较可知，随其对称性降低，声子能谱的简并度被破缺。二维三角晶格的Peierls相变前只有两支声频支声子能谱，Peierls相变后有两支声频支声子能谱与两支光频支声子能谱，并且声频支声子能谱与光频支声子能谱不相交，两支光频支声子沿ky轴平缓地变化。     

Dynamics of a spacecraft and normalization around Lagrangian points in the Neptune–Triton system

The problem of a spacecraft orbiting the Neptune–Triton system is presented. The new ingredients in this restricted three body problem are the Neptune oblateness and the high inclined and retrograde motion of Triton. First we present some interesting simulations showing the role played by the oblateness on a Neptune’s satellite, disturbed by Triton. We also give an extensive numerical exploration in the case when the spacecraft orbits Triton, considering Sun, Neptune and its planetary oblateness as disturbers. In the plane a × I (a = semi-major axis, I = inclination), we give a plot of the stable regions where the massless body can survive for thousand of years. Retrograde and direct orbits were considered and as usual, the region of stability is much more significant for the case of direct orbit of the spacecraft (Triton’s orbit is retrograde). Next we explore the dynamics in a vicinity of the Lagrangian points. The Birkhoff normalization is constructed around L₂, followed by its reduction to the center manifold. In this reduced dynamics, a convenient Poincaré section shows the interplay of the Lyapunov and halo periodic orbits, Lissajous and quasi-halo tori as well as the stable and unstable manifolds of the planar Lyapunov orbit. To show the effect of the oblateness, the planar Lyapunov family emanating from the Lagrangian points and three-dimensional halo orbits are obtained by the numerical continuation method.     

Numerical prediction and wind tunnel experiment for a pitching unmanned combat air vehicle

The low-speed flowfield for a generic unmanned combat air vehicle (UCAV) is investigated both experimentally and numerically. A wind tunnel experiment was conducted with the Boeing 1301 UCAV at a variety of angles of attack up to 70 degrees, both statically and with various frequencies of pitch oscillation (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 Hz). In addition, pitching was performed about three longitudinal locations on the configuration (the nose, 35% MAC, and the tail). Solutions to the unsteady, laminar, compressible Navier–Stokes equations were obtained on an unstructured mesh to match results from the static and dynamic experiments. The computational results are compared with experimental results for both static and pitching cases. Details about the flowfield, including vortex formation and interaction, are shown and discussed, including the non-linear aerodynamic characteristics of the vehicle.