基于AHP-灰色聚类的飞机客舱内环境工业设计评价

飞机客舱内环境工业设计评价指标的因素较多，且存在不确定性和相对性，仅采用一种评价方法较难达到直观量化的要求。结合AHP（层次分析法）和灰色聚类方法，通过对飞机客舱内环境工业设计因素进行分析，建立层次化评价指标体系，量化出各层指标的权重，采用灰色聚类方法进行聚类，得出优劣值，从而分析设计方案的优劣情况。结果表明，方法在飞机客舱工业设计方案评价中具有适用性。     

Active Region Dynamics

New methods of local helioseismology and uninterrupted time series of solar oscillation data from the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) have led to a major advance in our understanding of the structure and dynamics of active regions in the subsurface layers. The initial results show that large active regions are formed by repeated magnetic flux emergence from the deep interior, and that their roots are at least 50 Mm deep. The active regions change the temperature structure and flow dynamics of the upper convection zone, forming large circulation cells of converging flows. The helioseismic observations also indicate that the processes of magnetic energy release, flares and coronal mass ejections, might be associated with strong (1–2 km/s) shearing flows, 4–6 Mm below the surface.     

Recent progress in time–distance helioseismology

Time–distance helioseismology is one of the local helioseismology techniques that are used to derive the interior properties of the Sun. It has been used to study the structures and flow fields beneath sunspots on local scales, as well as used to derive interior rotational rates and meridional flow velocities on global scales. In addition to the efforts in improving time–distance measurements and inversions, theoretical modeling is also carried out to enhance the accuracy of sensitivity kernels. Recently, by use of realistic numerical simulation on solar convection, we have also started to investigate the validity of time–distance studies.     

一种内置式永磁同步电机直接转矩控制系统的效率优化方法

提出了一种适用于内置式永磁同步电机(IPMSM)直接转矩控制驱动系统的效率优化方法。基于考虑铁心损耗的IPMSM模型,对电机损耗与运行转速、电磁转矩以及定子磁链三者之间的关系进行了研究分析。根据典型的IPMSM直接转矩控制不使用零电压矢量的特点,对电机功率损耗计算式进行了简化,推导得出在一定运行工况条件下IPMSM的效率最优定子磁链幅值。仿真结果验证了该方法不仅可以保持直接转矩控制动态响应的快速性,而且有效地提高了电机在稳态运行时的效率。     

电动汽车空调无位置传感器的内置式永磁同步电机控制研究

针对内置式永磁同步电机(IPMSM)无位置传感器的转子位置和速度估计的难点,提出了一种基于改进定子磁链观测器的转子位置、速度的估计方法。该方法结构简单,涉及电机参数少。通过引入有效磁链概念对IPMSM的电压方程进行等效变换,对两相静止坐标系下的反电动势进行积分。为了抑制反电动势的积分环节带来的积分饱和和直流漂移问题,设计了截止频率可以自动调节的低通滤波器来代替积分器。对于在低速时低通滤波器所带来的磁链幅值衰减和相位超前问题,利用饱和反馈对观测误差进行补偿。最后通过锁相环进行位置的估计。搭建了MATLAB/Simulink仿真平台。仿真表明:该方法能够实现对IPMSM全速度范围内的转子位置的高精度估计。     

The Progress of the Taiwan Oscillation Network Project

We describe the present status of the project of the Taiwan Oscillation Network (TON) and discuss a scientific result using the TON data. The TON is a ground-based network to measure solar intensity oscillations for the study of the solar interior. Four telescopes have been installed in appropriate longitudes around the world. The TON telescopes take K-line full-disk solar images of diameter 1000 pixels at a rate of one image per minute. The data has been collected since October of 1993. The TON high-spatial-resolution data are specially suitable for the study of local properties of the Sun. In 1997 we developed a new method, acoustic imaging, to construct the acoustic signals inside the Sun with the acoustic signals measured at the solar surface. From the constructed signals, we can form intensity map and phase-shift map of an active region at various depths. The direct link between these maps and the subsurface wave-speed perturbation suffers from the poor vertical resolution of acoustic imaging. Recently an inversion method has been developed to invert the measured phase travel time perturbation to estimate the distribution of wave-speed perturbation based on the ray approximation. This technique of acoustic imaging has been used to image the far-side of the Sun that could provides information on space weather prediction. The TON Team includes: Antonio Jimenez (Instituto Astrofisica de Canarias, Spain); Guoxiang Ai and Honqi Zhang (Huairou Solar Observing Station, P.R.C.); Philip Goode and William Marquette (Big Bear Solar Observatory, U.S.A.); Shuhrat Ehgamberdiev and Oleg Ladenkov (Ulugh Beg Astronomical Institute, Uzbekistan) This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

基于IPDG方法的嵌套网格技术

在内罚间断伽辽金（IPDG）方法框架内应用嵌套网格技术求解了二维可压缩Navier-Stokes方程。通过把黏性通量作为辅助变量实现了Navier-Stokes方程的降阶,继而用间断有限元方法进行离散得到空间半离散方程。时间推进采用Newton-Krylov隐式方法。利用库埃特流动精确解验证了该方法的精度。在此基础上,对包括有黏NACA0012翼型绕流、定常和非定常的圆柱绕流在内的若干典型测试算例开展数值模拟,进一步验证了该方法的鲁棒性和可靠性。在嵌套网格中应用了h型网格自适应技术用于提高激波分辨率,对NACA0012翼型无黏跨声速绕流开展数值模拟,结果表明：自适应之后的单元数相比无自适应时只增加了8.4%,但是激波分辨率得到了显著提高,激波附近的计算结果也与实验值符合得更好,从而验证了该方法的有效性。     

切向结构永磁同步电机极对数的选择

对于具有“聚磁”作用的切向结构永磁同步电机,增加极对数可以提高气隙磁密,使得电机体积减小、重量减轻,效率、转矩增大,但极对数的增加存在一个较为合理的值。本文定义了切向结构永磁同步电机“聚磁”的概念,并利用有限元分析软件讨论了极对数与气隙磁密、每极磁通、空载电势、转子导磁体磁密等物理量之间的关系。结论:(1)计及导磁材料饱和的情况下,气隙磁密和总磁通随极对数的增加存在一个最大值,即存在一个合理的极对数;(2)用气隙磁密Bδ与稀土永磁体的内磁感应强度BM之比来表示聚磁作用的程度时,极对数大于等于3时,电机具有聚磁能力;用Bδ与稀土永磁体的剩磁感应强度Br之比来表示聚磁作用的程度时,仅当极对数大于等于4时,切向结构永磁电机才显现出聚磁现象;(3)切向结构永磁电机极对数在3~6时较为合适。     

SOHO: The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory

The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), together with the Cluster mission, constitutes ESA's Solar Terrestrial Science Programme (STSP), the first Cornerstone of the Agency's long-term programme Space Science — Horizon 2000. STSP, which is being developed in a strong collaborative effort with NASA, will allow comprehensive studies to be made of the both the Sun's interior and its outer atmosphere, the acceleration and propagation of the solar wind and its interaction with the Earth. This paper gives a brief overview of one part of STSP, the SOHO mission.     

整流支板和火焰稳定器的一体化设计加力燃烧室 性能的数值模拟

针对高推重比、高隐身航空发动机的技术需求,提出了1种带气膜冷却的加力内锥、整流支板和火焰稳定器的加力燃烧室一体化设计方法,对一体化加力燃烧室的温升、壁温分布、总压恢复系数、CO排放和燃烧效率分别进行了计算。结果表明：该方法在保证加力燃烧室燃烧性能不变的前提下,能将现有的加力燃烧室长度缩短1／5,并使加力内锥壁温降低33．3茗。为实现高推重比、高隐身动力技术提供了新的思路和研究方向。