基于数据深度加权的卫星轨道确定技术

将统计数据深度理论应用到抗差估计中,用数据深度作为衡量残差在整个样本集中地位的统计量.提出了基于数据深度加权的抗差估计算法.考虑到天基观测结构的复杂性,设计了天基测控的误差传播因子,并构造了模型结构权对定轨模型结构进行加权.在此基础上构造了基于数据深度加权和模型结构加权的M估计算法,证明了该算法的高崩溃点特性.设计了天基测控模式下的轨道确定仿真试验,试验结果表明该估计方法能有效抑制观测粗差和模型结构误差的影响,并且能显著提高定轨算法的鲁棒性.     

微波谐振腔品质因数测量方法改进研究

提出一种用于测量微波谐振腔品质因数的标量反射系数平均法。建立简化的等效电路模型,对不同算法进行研究,发现修正标量反射系数法不受离散误差影响但比矢量法误差大,得到标量反射系数平均法,并利用矢量网络分析仪实测了底置式谐振腔,实验结果表明,标量发射系数平均法在准确性和稳定性方面均有一定的优越性。     

含行星架裂纹故障的行星齿轮箱振动仿真

为深入了解行星架裂纹故障振动频谱结构,提出一种考虑时变传递路径和行星轮系载荷非均匀分配的振动仿真模型。根据裂纹导致的行星轮角位移函数,分析了行星轮角位移对行星轮系载荷分配特性的影响,仿真分析了行星架裂纹导致的行星轮角位移和行星轮系载荷非均匀分配下的频谱边带结构。仿真结果表明：行星轮个数为3时,边频带仅受行星轮角位移影响,随行星轮个数增加到4、5时,频谱边带受行星轮角位移和载荷分配共同影响,阶比谱出现以行星架旋转阶次为间隔的调制边带成分。通过对比行星轮个数为3的齿轮箱仿真与实测信号的阶比谱边带结构,验证了模型的有效性。     

Nonlinear modal electromechanical coupling factor for piezoelectric structures containing nonlinearities

Within the linear framework, the Modal Electromechanical Coupling Factor (MEMCF) is an important indicator to quantify the dynamic conversion of mechanical energy and electrical energy of piezoelectric structures. It is also an important tool to guide the piezoelectric damping design of linear structures. Advanced aircraft often fly in maneuvers, and the variable working conditions induce drastic changes in the load level on structures. Geometric and contact nonlinearities of thin-walled structures and joint structures are often activated. To achieve a good vibration reduction effect covering all working conditions, one cannot directly use linear electromechanical coupling theory to instruct the piezoelectric damping design for nonlinear structures. Therefore, this paper defines the Nonlinear Modal Electromechanical Coupling Factor (NMEMCF) and proposes the corresponding numerical method for the first time to quantitatively evaluate the electromechanical coupling capability of nonlinear piezoelectric structures. Three candidate definitions of the NMEMCF are given, including two frequency definitions and one energy definition. The energy definition is the most promising one. It is not only applicable to both conservative and dissipative nonlinear structures but also compatible with the linear MEMCF. In addition, based on the energy formula, the NMEMCF can be obtained by only performing one nonlinear modal analysis in the open-circuit state. The analytical findings and the numerical tool are validated against two piezoelectric structures with different types of nonlinearities. A strong correlation among the NMEMCF, geometric parameters, and energy dissipation is observed. The results confirm that the proposed NMEMCF captures the physics of the electromechanical coupling phenomenon associated with nonlinear piezoelectric structures and can be used as an essential design indicator of piezoelectric damping, especially for variable working conditions.     

广义有限元法计算飞机开口裂纹应力强度因子

机身开口圆角损伤可能逐渐形成裂纹从而严重影响飞机使用安全,为此对圆角裂纹进行剩余强度估算显得十分重要。使用Williams位移场广义有限元法进行裂尖单元加强,并对裂尖区域应用放射形网格划分技术,编写广义有限元法的MATLAB程序,研究并计算飞机舱门开口圆角裂纹的应力强度因子。结果表明：在裂纹分析上,广义有限元法较常规有限元法具有更好的适应性和更高的精度。     

卫星导航有源接收天线噪声温度测量

卫星导航有源接收天线的噪声温度是导航接收系统的关键技术指标之一。针对卫星导航有源天线总体噪声温度无法测量的问题，研制了两台口面型噪声源，口面噪声源主要由辐射体、辐射体物理温度控制和温度测量仪等组成。两个口面噪声源在L和S波段分别提供高低温标准噪声温度，采用Y系数测量方法测量有源接收天线的总体天线噪声温度。测量了某卫星导航有源天线的总噪声温度，在(1.19～1.29) GHz的频率范围内，中心频率1.24 GHz上噪声温度测量结果为206 K，但是在1.266 GHz频率点上噪声温度测量大于4 000 K，说明天线与滤波器之间、滤波器与放大器之间存在设计问题或其它问题，体现出测量有源天线噪声温度的必要性。     

多支路并联流体回路流量分配影响因素分析

多支路并联流体回路热控技术在载人航天器上获得了广泛应用。外热流、重力场和管路阻力特性等因素会影响流阻，进而影响流量分配和散热能力，这可能会造成工质冻结并引起回路失效，威胁航天器安全，因此亟需针对影响流量分配因素开展分析。基于梦天实验舱6条并联流体回路建立简化模型，分别研究外热流、重力场和管路阻力特性对流量分配的影响，发现辐射散热带来的工质物性变化会导致各支路流量分配不均，外热流变化带来的回路散热量增加，以及重力场存在会加剧流量分配不均匀性。另外，回路在设计和运行时都要避免工质温度进入黏度剧烈变化区域，否则各支路流量容易受外部环境变化影响而发生较大波动。     

温度-荷载耦合场下机场跑道剩余寿命评价模型

针对道面板在飞机荷载与温度耦合场复合作用下的道面寿命问题，首先，通过试验准确测量基于道面板深度的温度分布情况，得出了不同厚度道面板最大温度梯度推荐值，确定了仿真温度场加载参数。然后，在大量仿真试验分析的基础上，开展土基模量、道面板厚度和温差因素对道面板内应力的敏感性影响分析，建立温度应力与温差相关性关系模型，并通过实例验证其有效性。最后，在道面板临界荷位处进行飞机与温度耦合仿真加载试验分析，结果表明温度梯度和飞机荷载共同作用下产生的耦合应力小于温度翘曲应力和荷载应力的叠加之和，两者相差4.93%。基于荷载和温度耦合作用下的应力损伤累积原理，计算道面剩余容许作用次数，构建耦合场下道面剩余寿命评价模型，并进行实例应用。     

AA7075-T6 Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合疲劳裂纹扩展研究北大核心CSCD

通过AA7075-T6铝合金在不同加载角度下的Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合高周疲劳裂纹扩展试验,利用FRANC3D中M-积分计算了复合型裂纹尖端的等效应力强度因子幅值,结合七点递增多项式对数据处理,得出了复合疲劳裂纹扩展速率曲线,分析了复合疲劳性能,并探讨了复合裂纹扩展的路径及断口特性。结果给出了纯Ⅰ型疲劳裂纹扩展速率曲线在稳定扩展阶段的Paris公式的参数;并表明:Ⅰ型疲劳裂纹扩展寿命最长,复合疲劳裂纹扩展寿命都有不同程度的减少;复合疲劳裂纹开裂方向的数值分析及实验结果与理论吻合;复合疲劳断口表现为脆性断裂。     

An improved altimeter-derived gravity anomaly from shipborne gravity based on the mean sea surface height constraint factors method

Coastal marine gravity modeling faces challenges due to the degradation of the quality and poor coverage of altimeter data in coastal regions. The effective fusion of shipborne gravity data and altimeter-derived marine gravity data can make shipborne gravity data more useful for the accurate estimation of altimeter-derived coastal marine gravity. A mean sea surface height constraint factor (MSSHCF) method based on the ordinary kriging method and the remove-restore technique is proposed to fuse altimeter-derived gravity model with shipborne gravity data. In this method, all data are standardized during the interpolation process to reduce the error and mean sea surface as a vertical variable is added to the semi-variance function in ordinary kriging to obtain the residual shipborne gravity as corrected data source. The coastal marine gravity models V2.1 and V3.1 which fused altimeter-derived gravity data with shipborne gravity data and V1.1 without shipborne gravity data at a spatial resolution of 1′×1′ can be obtained. Validation experiments show that the accuracy of the gravity model V3.1 obtained by the MSSHCF method more closely agrees with the validated gravity model DTU17 and SS V31 than the model V2.1 obtained by the ordinary kriging interpolation method and the V1.1 model. Our results were validated against shipborne gravity data; the accuracy of model V3.1 was 4.95 % higher than the model V1.1 in South China Sea area A and 2.48 % higher in South China Sea area B. Meanwhile, the accuracy of model V3.1 was 2.07 % higher than model V2.1 in South China Sea area A and 2.42 % higher in South China Sea area B. The effects of distance from the coast and sea depth on the marine gravity model were also evaluated. The results show that the gravity model V3.1 has higher accuracy with the change in ocean distance and depth than the V2.1 and V1.1 gravity models. Thus, our study shows that the MSSHCF method effectively refines coastal altimeter-derived gravity using shipborne gravity data.